Activity-in-Diagram: Repurpose

Description

Notes:
None

Definitions:
Repurpose - (to) adapt a product or its component parts for use in a different function than it was originally intended for, without making major modifications to its physical, chemical or mechanical structure. From ISO 59004:2024.

Repair - returning a faulty, worn or broken product or component back to a usable state. From ISO 8887-2:2023.

Standards:
UL 1974, Evaluation for Repurposing or Remanufacturing Batteries

UL 1973, Standard for Batteries for Use in Stationary, Vehicle Auxiliary Power and Light Electric Rail Applications

ISO 8887-2:2023, Technical product documentation - Design for manufacturing, assembling, disassembling and end-of-life processing - Part 2: Vocabulary

IEEE 2993-2025, Recommended Practice for Energy Storage System Design using Second-Life Electric Vehicle Batteries

References:
Bobba S, Mathieux F, Ardente F, Blengini GA, Cusenza MA, Podias A, Pfrang A (2018) Life Cycle Assessment of repurposed electric vehicle batteries: an adapted method based on modelling energy flows. Journal of Energy Storage, 19, 213-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2018.07.008

Chen M, Ma X, Chen B, Arsenault R, Karlson P, Simon N, Wang Y (2019) Recycling end-of-life electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries. Joule, 3(11), 2622-2646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2019.09.014

DeRousseau M, Gully B, Taylor C, Apelian D, Wang Y (2017) Repurposing used electric car batteries: a review of options. JOM, 69(9), 1575-1582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-017-2368-9

Illa Font CH, Siqueira HV, Machado Neto JE, Santos JLF, Stevan SL Jr, Converti A, Corrêa FC (2023) Second life of lithium-ion batteries of electric vehicles: a short review and perspectives. Energies, 16, 953. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020953

Martinez-Laserna E, Sarasketa-Zabala E, Villarreal Sarria I, Stroe DI, Swierczynski M, Warnecke A, Timmermans JM, Goutam S, Omar N, Rodriguez P (2018) Technical viability of battery second life: a study from the ageing perspective. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 54, 2703-2713. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2018.2801262

Montes T, Etxandi-Santolaya M, Eichman J, Ferreira VJ, Trilla L, Corchero C (2022) Procedure for Assessing the Suitability of Battery Second Life Applications After EV First Life. Batteries, 8(9), 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8090122

Rufino Júnior CA, Riva Sanseverino E, Gallo P, Koch D, Diel S, Walter G, Trilla L, Ferreira VJ, Pérez GB, Kotak Y, Eichman J, Schweiger HG, Zanin H (2024) Towards to battery digital passport: reviewing regulations and standards for second-life batteries. Batteries, 10(4), 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10040115

Zhu J, Mathews I, Ren D, Li W, Cogswell D, Xing B, Sedlatschek T, Kantareddy SNR, Yi M, Gao T, Xia Y, Zhou Q, Wierzbicki T, Bazant MZ (2021) End-of-life or second-life options for retired electric vehicle batteries. Cell Reports Physical Science, 2(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2021.100537

Owning Diagram: Recover Materials/Devices

Decomposition

Repurpose