A Tenprint Cards (“TwoInch” Data)

A.1 Bootstrap Confidence for Segmentation Statistics

This section shows the same detailed results of segmentation of TwoInch data from Section 2.3, but with an added bootstrap confidence interval. For each observation, a bootstrap routine with 1 000 replicates was run, and a 95 % confidence interval extracted. The lower and upper confidence from that confidence interval are printed in each column within square brackets.

In Table A.1, results are shown of how successful akiyama+0001 segmented fingers for each subject in the test corpus. Table A.2 shows success for specific finger positions over the entire test corpus. Similarly, Table A.3 shows success for segmenting the same finger position from both hands.

The remainder of the tables show success per subject when considering combinations of subsets of the fingers in each slap image. Table A.4 shows success for combinations of all fingers, Table A.6 for the all except the little finger, and Table A.5 for just the index and middle fingers.

Table A.1: For each subject, the percentage that at least Number of Fingers fingers were correctly segmented, regardless of hand, for a maximum of eight correctly-segmented fingers. In Standard Scoring, scoring rules are followed exactly. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Number of Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
1 87.3 [86.7, 87.8] 90.3 [89.8, 90.8] 97.6 [97.3, 97.8]
2 79.5 [78.8, 80.2] 83.3 [82.7, 84.0] 92.9 [92.5, 93.3]
3 71.8 [71.0, 72.6] 76.4 [75.6, 77.1] 86.3 [85.7, 86.9]
4 61.9 [61.1, 62.7] 67.8 [66.9, 68.5] 78.2 [77.5, 78.9]
5 46.2 [45.4, 47.1] 51.7 [50.9, 52.5] 65.2 [64.4, 66.0]
6 37.0 [36.3, 37.8] 42.2 [41.2, 43.0] 52.2 [51.3, 53.0]
7 27.2 [26.5, 28.0] 32.1 [31.3, 32.9] 39.5 [38.7, 40.3]
8 15.2 [14.6, 15.9] 19.7 [19.0, 20.4] 24.9 [24.1, 25.6]
Table A.2: For all subjects, Percentage that a particular friction ridge generalized position was correctly segmented. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Finger Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Index 55.4 [54.7, 56.1] 59.4 [58.7, 60.0] 65.6 [64.9, 66.2]
Middle 46.3 [45.6, 47.0] 48.1 [47.4, 48.7] 49.6 [49.0, 50.3]
Ring 52.4 [51.7, 53.0] 54.9 [54.3, 55.5] 58.0 [57.4, 58.7]
Little 57.3 [56.6, 58.0] 62.1 [61.5, 62.7] 85.9 [85.4, 86.3]
Left
Index 56.6 [55.9, 57.3] 65.0 [64.3, 65.6] 78.0 [77.5, 78.6]
Middle 53.4 [52.7, 54.1] 55.1 [54.4, 55.8] 63.2 [62.6, 63.9]
Ring 61.3 [60.6, 62.0] 64.2 [63.6, 64.9] 72.4 [71.8, 73.1]
Little 55.7 [55.0, 56.5] 68.4 [67.7, 69.1] 78.4 [77.8, 78.9]
Table A.3: Percentage that a particular type of fingerprint was correctly segmented on Either or Both hands. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Index
Either 73.9 [73.2, 74.7] 79.7 [79.0, 80.4] 87.6 [87.1, 88.2]
Both 34.9 [34.2, 35.7] 41.0 [40.2, 41.9] 51.4 [50.5, 52.3]
Middle
Either 68.3 [67.5, 69.1] 70.0 [69.2, 70.8] 75.2 [74.4, 75.9]
Both 29.2 [28.4, 29.9] 30.8 [29.9, 31.6] 34.9 [34.1, 35.7]
Ring
Either 74.3 [73.5, 75.0] 76.8 [76.0, 77.5] 82.5 [81.9, 83.1]
Both 36.0 [35.2, 36.8] 39.0 [38.2, 39.9] 44.8 [43.9, 45.6]
Little
Either 74.7 [73.9, 75.5] 82.8 [82.2, 83.4] 94.7 [94.3, 95.1]
Both 34.8 [34.0, 35.6] 43.5 [42.7, 44.3] 65.8 [65.0, 66.6]
Table A.4: Percentage of segmentation success by hand for combinations of all eight fingers of a TwoInch slap. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Any 70.4 [72.7, 73.5] 72.9 [76.4, 77.1] 89.0 [89.7, 90.2]
At Least Two 59.4 [61.4, 62.3] 62.6 [65.7, 66.6] 71.6 [75.6, 76.4]
At Least Three 48.6 [49.8, 50.7] 51.8 [54.6, 55.5] 57.0 [62.1, 63.0]
All Four 33.0 [33.0, 33.9] 37.3 [39.2, 40.1] 41.5 [45.5, 46.4]
Left
Any 76.2 [72.7, 73.5] 81.2 [76.4, 77.1] 91.0 [89.7, 90.2]
At Least Two 64.6 [61.4, 62.3] 70.3 [65.7, 66.6] 81.1 [75.6, 76.4]
At Least Three 52.2 [49.8, 50.7] 58.9 [54.6, 55.5] 69.0 [62.1, 63.0]
All Four 34.0 [33.0, 33.9] 42.4 [39.2, 40.1] 51.1 [45.5, 46.4]
Table A.5: Percentage of segmentation success by hand when only considering combinations of index and middle fingers. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Either Index or Middle 60.9 [62.8, 63.7] 63.7 [66.5, 67.3] 69.1 [75.2, 76.0]
Both Index and Middle 40.8 [41.9, 42.8] 43.7 [46.0, 46.9] 46.1 [51.3, 52.3]
Left
Either Index or Middle 66.0 [62.8, 63.7] 70.6 [66.5, 67.3] 83.0 [75.2, 76.0]
Both Index and Middle 44.0 [41.9, 42.8] 49.5 [46.0, 46.9] 58.2 [51.3, 52.3]
Table A.6: Percentage of segmentation success by hand when only considering combinations of index, middle, and ring fingers. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Any 65.6 [68.4, 69.2] 67.9 [71.1, 72.0] 73.4 [79.2, 79.9]
At Least Two 52.0 [54.6, 55.6] 54.7 [57.9, 58.9] 57.6 [64.2, 65.1]
All Three 36.5 [37.7, 38.7] 39.7 [42.2, 43.1] 42.2 [47.4, 48.3]
Left
Any 72.4 [68.4, 69.2] 75.7 [71.1, 72.0] 86.7 [79.2, 79.9]
At Least Two 58.7 [54.6, 55.6] 62.6 [57.9, 58.9] 72.7 [64.2, 65.1]
All Three 40.2 [37.7, 38.7] 46.0 [42.2, 43.1] 54.3 [47.4, 48.3]

A.2 Jaccard Index

Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices as compared to the traditional success metrics. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Figure A.1: Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices as compared to the traditional success metrics. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices for each friction ridge generalized position. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Figure A.2: Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices for each friction ridge generalized position. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Table A.7: For each subject, the percentage that at least Number of Fingers fingers were segmented with a Jaccard index in the indicated range.
Number of Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
1 99.8 99.8 99.2 70.5 7.1 0.4 0.1
2 99.8 99.7 98.0 54.8 1.3 0.0 0.0
3 99.7 99.3 95.8 40.1 0.2 0.0 0.0
4 99.1 98.5 91.8 26.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
5 95.6 95.2 84.2 15.1 0.0 0 0
6 95.5 94.1 75.5 8.0 0 0 0
7 94.7 91.0 61.5 3.3 0 0 0
8 91.4 80.7 37.9 0.8 0 0 0
Table A.8: For all subjects, percentage that a particular friction ridge generalized position was segmented with a Jaccard index in the indicated range.
Finger 0-0.5 0.5-0.6 0.6-0.7 0.7-0.8 0.8-0.9 0.9-1.0
Right
Index 1.9 4.8 15.8 43.4 32.4 1.7
Middle 1.3 3.0 16.3 50.3 27.8 1.3
Ring 0.5 1.3 14.5 55.3 27.2 1.2
Little 0.6 1.2 12.0 52.1 31.7 2.4
Left
Index 0.4 1.5 14.5 60.4 22.9 0.3
Middle 0.7 1.4 11.0 55.0 31.0 0.9
Ring 0.5 1.2 12.6 59.7 25.5 0.5
Little 1.1 2.5 20.1 56.4 19.0 0.9
Table A.9: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of all eight fingers of a TwoInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Any 99.9 99.7 95.3 54.8 5.5 0.2 0.0
At Least Two 99.7 98.9 89.5 38.4 0.9 0.0 0.0
At Least Three 99.2 96.7 80.5 23.5 0.1 0.0 0.0
All Four 97.0 90.1 61.7 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Left
Any 99.9 99.8 97.5 50.6 2.3 0.1 0.0
At Least Two 99.8 99.6 93.3 30.8 0.2 0.0 0.0
At Least Three 99.5 98.5 83.5 15.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
All Four 98.1 92.8 58.2 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Table A.10: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of index and middle fingers of a TwoInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Either Index or Middle 99.4 97.5 87.1 44.2 2.9 0.1 0.0
Both Index and Middle 97.5 91.5 69.9 19.0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Left
Either Index or Middle 99.8 99.5 94.2 41.2 1.2 0.1 0.0
Both Index and Middle 99.1 96.5 76.3 13.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
Table A.11: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of index, middle, and ring fingers of a TwoInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Any 99.8 99.1 91.7 49.5 3.8 0.1 0.0
At Least Two 99.3 97.1 83.1 29.8 0.4 0.0 0.0
All Three 97.3 91.1 65.9 12.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
Left
Any 99.8 99.7 96.5 47.8 1.7 0.1 0.0
At Least Two 99.6 99.1 89.8 25.4 0.1 0.0 0.0
All Three 98.9 95.5 69.9 7.9 0.0 0.0 0.0