B Identification Flats (“ThreeInch” Data)

B.1 Bootstrap Confidence for Segmentation Statistics

This section shows the same detailed results of segmentation of ThreeInch data from Section 3.3, but with an added bootstrap confidence interval. For each observation, a bootstrap routine with 1 000 replicates was run, and a 95 % confidence interval extracted. The lower and upper confidence from that confidence interval are printed in each column within square brackets.

In Table B.1, results are shown of how successful akiyama+0001 segmented fingers for each subject in the test corpus. Table B.2 shows success for specific finger positions over the entire test corpus. Similarly, Table B.3 shows success for segmenting the same finger position from both hands.

The remainder of the tables show success per subject when considering combinations of subsets of the fingers in each slap image. Table B.4 shows success for combinations of all fingers, Table B.6 for the all except the little finger, and Table B.5 for just the index and middle fingers.

Table B.1: For each subject, the percentage that at least Number of Fingers fingers were correctly segmented, regardless of hand, for a maximum of eight correctly-segmented fingers. In Standard Scoring, scoring rules are followed exactly. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Number of Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
1 98.8 [98.7, 99.0] 98.8 [98.7, 99.0] 98.9 [98.7, 99.0]
2 98.1 [97.9, 98.2] 98.1 [97.9, 98.2] 98.2 [98.0, 98.4]
3 97.2 [96.9, 97.4] 97.2 [97.0, 97.4] 97.6 [97.5, 97.8]
4 95.3 [95.0, 95.5] 95.3 [95.0, 95.6] 96.3 [96.1, 96.6]
5 91.2 [90.9, 91.6] 91.3 [90.9, 91.6] 93.5 [93.2, 93.8]
6 85.1 [84.7, 85.6] 85.1 [84.7, 85.6] 89.9 [89.6, 90.3]
7 73.0 [72.4, 73.6] 73.0 [72.5, 73.6] 82.3 [81.8, 82.8]
8 53.5 [52.8, 54.1] 53.5 [52.9, 54.1] 66.5 [65.9, 67.1]
9 29.0 [28.4, 29.5] 29.0 [28.4, 29.5] 40.5 [39.8, 41.1]
10 9.6 [9.2, 10.0] 9.6 [9.3, 10.0] 15.8 [15.4, 16.2]
Table B.2: For all subjects, Percentage that a particular friction ridge generalized position was correctly segmented. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Finger Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Thumb 50.6 [50.0, 51.3] 50.6 [50.0, 51.2] 55.1 [54.4, 55.7]
Index 79.7 [79.2, 80.2] 79.7 [79.2, 80.2] 81.3 [80.8, 81.8]
Middle 89.8 [89.5, 90.2] 89.8 [89.5, 90.2] 93.3 [93.0, 93.6]
Ring 82.3 [81.8, 82.8] 82.3 [81.8, 82.8] 85.8 [85.4, 86.3]
Little 76.4 [75.8, 76.9] 76.4 [75.8, 76.9] 87.6 [87.2, 88.0]
Left
Thumb 49.1 [48.4, 49.7] 49.1 [48.4, 49.7] 52.2 [51.6, 52.8]
Index 81.0 [80.5, 81.5] 81.0 [80.5, 81.5] 85.4 [84.9, 85.8]
Middle 81.3 [80.9, 81.8] 81.4 [80.9, 81.8] 86.0 [85.6, 86.4]
Ring 86.2 [85.8, 86.7] 86.3 [85.8, 86.7] 89.0 [88.6, 89.3]
Little 73.9 [73.4, 74.4] 73.9 [73.3, 74.4] 84.6 [84.2, 85.1]
Table B.3: Percentage that a particular type of fingerprint was correctly segmented on Either or Both hands. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Thumb
Either 67.3 [66.8, 67.9] 67.3 [66.8, 67.9] 71.4 [70.8, 72.0]
Both 32.5 [31.9, 33.1] 32.5 [31.9, 33.1] 36.0 [35.4, 36.6]
Index
Either 94.7 [94.4, 95.0] 94.7 [94.4, 95.0] 95.9 [95.7, 96.2]
Both 64.1 [63.6, 64.7] 64.1 [63.6, 64.7] 68.8 [68.2, 69.4]
Middle
Either 96.7 [96.5, 96.9] 96.7 [96.5, 96.9] 98.0 [97.9, 98.2]
Both 72.2 [71.7, 72.8] 72.2 [71.7, 72.8] 79.0 [78.4, 79.5]
Ring
Either 95.8 [95.5, 96.0] 95.8 [95.5, 96.1] 97.0 [96.8, 97.2]
Both 70.6 [70.1, 71.2] 70.6 [70.1, 71.2] 75.6 [75.1, 76.1]
Little
Either 91.8 [91.4, 92.1] 91.8 [91.4, 92.1] 96.8 [96.5, 97.0]
Both 56.5 [55.8, 57.1] 56.5 [55.8, 57.1] 73.3 [72.7, 73.8]
Table B.4: Percentage of segmentation success by hand for combinations of all ten fingers of a ThreeInch slap. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Any 98.1 [97.7, 98.0] 98.1 [97.8, 98.0] 98.4 [98.1, 98.3]
At Least Two 95.3 [94.5, 94.9] 95.3 [94.5, 94.9] 96.4 [96.0, 96.4]
At Least Three 87.3 [85.8, 86.3] 87.3 [85.8, 86.3] 91.4 [90.4, 90.9]
At Least Four 66.0 [64.4, 65.2] 66.0 [64.4, 65.3] 75.7 [74.4, 75.1]
All Five 25.7 [25.0, 25.7] 25.7 [25.0, 25.7] 34.3 [33.0, 33.8]
Left
Any 97.6 [97.7, 98.0] 97.7 [97.8, 98.0] 98.1 [98.1, 98.3]
At Least Two 94.0 [94.5, 94.9] 94.0 [94.5, 94.9] 96.0 [96.0, 96.4]
At Least Three 84.9 [85.8, 86.3] 84.9 [85.8, 86.3] 89.9 [90.4, 90.9]
At Least Four 63.6 [64.4, 65.2] 63.7 [64.4, 65.3] 73.7 [74.4, 75.1]
All Five 25.0 [25.0, 25.7] 25.0 [25.0, 25.7] 32.6 [33.0, 33.8]
Table B.5: Percentage of segmentation success by hand when only considering combinations of index and middle fingers. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Either Index or Middle 95.6 [94.2, 94.6] 95.6 [94.2, 94.6] 96.6 [95.7, 96.0]
Both Index and Middle 74.0 [71.1, 71.9] 74.0 [71.2, 71.9] 78.0 [76.7, 77.5]
Left
Either Index or Middle 93.2 [94.2, 94.6] 93.2 [94.2, 94.6] 95.1 [95.7, 96.0]
Both Index and Middle 69.1 [71.1, 71.9] 69.1 [71.2, 71.9] 76.3 [76.7, 77.5]
Table B.6: Percentage of segmentation success by hand when only considering combinations of index, middle, and ring fingers. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Any 97.7 [97.4, 97.6] 97.7 [97.3, 97.6] 98.2 [98.0, 98.2]
At Least Two 90.2 [88.7, 89.3] 90.2 [88.7, 89.3] 92.6 [91.7, 92.1]
All Three 63.9 [63.3, 64.1] 63.9 [63.3, 64.1] 69.6 [70.0, 70.7]
Left
Any 97.3 [97.4, 97.6] 97.3 [97.3, 97.6] 98.1 [98.0, 98.2]
At Least Two 87.8 [88.7, 89.3] 87.9 [88.7, 89.3] 91.2 [91.7, 92.1]
All Three 63.5 [63.3, 64.1] 63.5 [63.3, 64.1] 71.0 [70.0, 70.7]

B.2 Jaccard Index

Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices as compared to the traditional success metrics. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Figure B.1: Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices as compared to the traditional success metrics. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices for each friction ridge generalized position. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Figure B.2: Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices for each friction ridge generalized position. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Table B.7: For each subject, the percentage that at least Number of Fingers fingers were segmented with a Jaccard index in the indicated range.
Number of Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
1 99.9 99.8 99.6 97.2 36.3 3.0 0.2
2 99.7 99.5 98.4 92.3 9.1 0.1 0.0
3 98.4 98.2 97.6 83.4 1.7 0.0 0.0
4 98.1 97.7 96.5 69.4 0.3 0.0 0.0
5 95.8 95.6 94.1 52.1 0.0 0 0
6 95.7 95.3 91.6 34.0 0 0 0
7 95.3 94.5 86.8 18.8 0 0 0
8 94.8 92.7 76.4 8.2 0 0 0
9 89.5 83.8 56.6 2.5 0 0 0
10 82.0 69.1 30.7 0.5 0 0 0
Table B.8: For all subjects, percentage that a particular friction ridge generalized position was segmented with a Jaccard index in the indicated range.
Finger 0-0.5 0.5-0.6 0.6-0.7 0.7-0.8 0.8-0.9 0.9-1.0
Right
Thumb 7.9 4.7 11.7 29.2 40.1 6.4
Index 0.9 1.5 9.8 44.7 39.7 3.4
Middle 0.9 0.8 3.5 29.1 57.4 8.3
Ring 0.8 1.1 8.8 46.3 40.3 2.7
Little 1.8 2.6 13.1 42.1 36.0 4.4
Left
Thumb 8.5 6.3 13.0 29.3 38.1 4.8
Index 0.7 1.1 9.1 38.6 46.2 4.3
Middle 0.7 1.0 7.1 39.1 46.3 5.8
Ring 0.8 1.2 7.2 34.4 49.8 6.6
Little 1.7 3.6 18.3 47.5 26.9 2.0
Table B.9: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of all ten fingers of a ThreeInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Any 99.8 99.7 99.1 91.5 21.5 1.6 0.1
At Least Two 98.2 98.0 96.8 72.3 2.8 0.0 0.0
At Least Three 98.0 97.4 93.2 45.9 0.3 0.0 0.0
At Least Four 97.2 95.4 82.8 20.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
All Five 85.6 78.1 50.7 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
Left
Any 99.8 99.6 98.5 89.4 19.9 1.4 0.1
At Least Two 98.3 98.1 96.3 69.6 2.9 0.1 0.0
At Least Three 98.0 97.4 92.1 44.0 0.2 0.0 0.0
At Least Four 97.3 95.1 79.3 19.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
All Five 85.1 75.6 45.9 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Table B.10: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of index and middle fingers of a ThreeInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Either Index or Middle 99.5 99.1 97.4 75.2 10.9 0.8 0.0
Both Index and Middle 98.7 96.9 85.3 33.6 0.7 0.0 0.0
Left
Either Index or Middle 99.6 99.3 96.8 70.6 9.6 0.7 0.0
Both Index and Middle 98.9 97.2 83.5 32.0 0.5 0.0 0.0
Table B.11: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of index, middle, and ring fingers of a ThreeInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Any 99.7 99.5 98.5 82.1 12.9 0.9 0.1
At Least Two 99.3 98.7 94.5 51.0 1.3 0.0 0.0
All Three 98.4 95.9 78.9 18.7 0.1 0.0 0.0
Left
Any 99.7 99.6 98.4 81.4 14.8 1.1 0.1
At Least Two 99.5 98.9 93.9 54.0 1.7 0.0 0.0
All Three 98.5 96.0 78.8 23.5 0.1 0 0