C Upper Palm (“FiveInch” Data)

C.1 Bootstrap Confidence for Segmentation Statistics

This section shows the same detailed results of segmentation of FiveInch data from Section 4.3, but with an added bootstrap confidence interval. For each observation, a bootstrap routine with 1 000 replicates was run, and a 95 % confidence interval extracted. The lower and upper confidence from that confidence interval are printed in each column within square brackets.

In Table C.1, results are shown of how successful DecaturImp+0004 segmented fingers for each subject in the test corpus. Table C.2 shows success for specific finger positions over the entire test corpus. Similarly, Table C.3 shows success for segmenting the same finger position from both hands.

The remainder of the tables show success per subject when considering combinations of subsets of the fingers in each slap image. Table C.4 shows success for combinations of all fingers, Table C.6 for the all except the little finger, and Table C.5 for just the index and middle fingers.

Table C.1: For each subject, the percentage that at least Number of Fingers fingers were correctly segmented, regardless of hand, for a maximum of eight correctly-segmented fingers. In Standard Scoring, scoring rules are followed exactly. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Number of Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
1 90.8 [88.8, 92.9] 91.6 [89.6, 93.3] 92.9 [91.0, 94.6]
2 84.5 [81.8, 86.8] 86.3 [83.9, 88.8] 87.6 [85.2, 90.1]
3 75.1 [72.2, 78.3] 80.2 [77.2, 83.0] 83.8 [81.2, 86.4]
4 63.2 [59.7, 66.5] 71.8 [68.5, 74.7] 76.0 [72.9, 79.0]
5 50.1 [46.6, 53.6] 58.9 [55.1, 62.5] 62.5 [58.8, 66.0]
6 37.9 [34.3, 41.8] 47.4 [43.5, 50.9] 51.8 [48.1, 55.5]
7 26.2 [23.1, 29.4] 36.4 [33.3, 39.8] 41.2 [37.8, 45.1]
8 13.3 [10.9, 15.8] 23.2 [20.3, 26.2] 28.2 [25.2, 31.5]
Table C.2: For all subjects, Percentage that a particular friction ridge generalized position was correctly segmented. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Finger Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Index 62.2 [58.6, 65.8] 68.6 [65.3, 72.2] 70.6 [67.6, 73.9]
Middle 54.8 [51.2, 58.2] 61.2 [57.7, 64.6] 63.8 [60.2, 67.4]
Ring 55.7 [52.3, 59.2] 61.0 [57.6, 64.6] 68.2 [64.8, 71.4]
Little 53.3 [49.3, 56.9] 58.8 [55.3, 62.5] 65.8 [62.6, 69.3]
Left
Index 60.2 [56.9, 63.7] 65.6 [62.2, 69.2] 68.0 [64.7, 71.1]
Middle 53.3 [49.6, 56.9] 61.7 [58.4, 64.7] 63.1 [59.3, 66.4]
Ring 56.0 [52.5, 59.5] 63.9 [60.3, 67.2] 65.5 [62.1, 68.8]
Little 49.1 [45.5, 52.9] 58.9 [55.6, 62.5] 63.0 [59.4, 66.6]
Table C.3: Percentage that a particular type of fingerprint was correctly segmented on Either or Both hands. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Index
Either 78.7 [75.6, 81.6] 82.9 [80.4, 85.6] 85.1 [82.6, 87.5]
Both 42.8 [39.1, 46.2] 50.3 [46.8, 53.8] 52.4 [48.5, 56.0]
Middle
Either 72.3 [69.0, 75.5] 78.8 [76.0, 81.6] 80.2 [77.3, 83.1]
Both 34.9 [31.5, 38.3] 43.1 [39.5, 46.5] 45.7 [42.0, 49.1]
Ring
Either 74.4 [71.4, 77.7] 79.6 [76.7, 82.5] 83.0 [80.4, 85.8]
Both 36.4 [32.8, 40.2] 44.4 [41.0, 48.1] 49.7 [46.2, 53.1]
Little
Either 71.0 [67.7, 73.9] 76.7 [73.6, 79.7] 81.0 [78.1, 83.8]
Both 30.6 [27.4, 34.0] 40.1 [37.0, 43.3] 46.8 [43.1, 50.3]
Table C.4: Percentage of segmentation success by hand for combinations of all eight fingers of a FiveInch slap. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Any 79.4 [76.8, 80.8] 80.5 [78.6, 82.5] 83.4 [81.3, 84.9]
At Least Two 65.3 [62.2, 66.9] 69.9 [67.4, 71.9] 73.7 [70.1, 74.7]
At Least Three 50.3 [46.8, 51.7] 58.8 [55.9, 61.0] 63.7 [59.7, 64.7]
All Four 31.1 [27.4, 32.0] 40.4 [38.5, 43.6] 47.7 [43.9, 48.6]
Left
Any 78.2 [76.8, 80.8] 80.8 [78.6, 82.5] 83.0 [81.3, 84.9]
At Least Two 63.8 [62.2, 66.9] 69.4 [67.4, 71.9] 71.1 [70.1, 74.7]
At Least Three 48.3 [46.8, 51.7] 58.2 [55.9, 61.0] 60.7 [59.7, 64.7]
All Four 28.2 [27.4, 32.0] 41.8 [38.5, 43.6] 44.8 [43.9, 48.6]
Table C.5: Percentage of segmentation success by hand when only considering combinations of index and middle fingers. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Either Index or Middle 71.1 [67.8, 72.3] 74.7 [71.8, 76.4] 76.3 [73.4, 77.6]
Both Index and Middle 45.9 [42.4, 47.7] 55.1 [52.1, 56.8] 58.1 [54.8, 59.8]
Left
Either Index or Middle 69.1 [67.8, 72.3] 73.5 [71.8, 76.4] 74.9 [73.4, 77.6]
Both Index and Middle 44.4 [42.4, 47.7] 53.8 [52.1, 56.8] 56.2 [54.8, 59.8]
Table C.6: Percentage of segmentation success by hand when only considering combinations of index, middle, and ring fingers. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Any 76.3 [73.1, 77.7] 78.2 [75.8, 79.8] 81.1 [77.8, 81.8]
At Least Two 58.1 [55.3, 60.3] 65.0 [62.7, 67.5] 68.5 [65.5, 70.1]
All Three 38.3 [35.5, 40.3] 47.6 [45.5, 50.7] 53.1 [49.4, 54.4]
Left
Any 74.7 [73.1, 77.7] 77.3 [75.8, 79.8] 78.9 [77.8, 81.8]
At Least Two 57.3 [55.3, 60.3] 65.4 [62.7, 67.5] 67.1 [65.5, 70.1]
All Three 37.5 [35.5, 40.3] 48.5 [45.5, 50.7] 50.7 [49.4, 54.4]

C.2 Jaccard Index

Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices as compared to the traditional success metrics. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Figure C.1: Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices as compared to the traditional success metrics. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices for each friction ridge generalized position. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Figure C.2: Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices for each friction ridge generalized position. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Table C.7: For each subject, the percentage that at least Number of Fingers fingers were segmented with a Jaccard index in the indicated range.
Number of Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
1 95.3 94.6 93.3 85.2 31.4 12.3 11.9
2 92.5 92.1 88.1 70.5 13.0 7.5 7.5
3 89.5 88.0 81.0 54.2 6.2 4.6 4.6
4 86.0 81.8 73.1 39.4 2.9 2.5 2.5
5 78.3 72.7 60.9 26.7 1.4 1.3 1.3
6 70.6 62.7 47.8 15.3 0.5 0.5 0.5
7 63.9 52.2 34.9 7.9 0.3 0.3 0.3
8 50.2 35.3 20.3 2.4 0.3 0.3 0.3
Table C.8: For all subjects, percentage that a particular friction ridge generalized position was segmented with a Jaccard index in the indicated range.
Finger 0-0.5 0.5-0.6 0.6-0.7 0.7-0.8 0.8-0.9 0.9-1.0
Right
Index 19.2 5.3 7.7 17.4 42.0 8.4
Middle 24.5 3.7 10.4 25.5 26.5 9.4
Ring 19.8 5.4 11.2 33.0 24.6 6.0
Little 18.5 7.2 14.5 33.5 21.8 4.5
Left
Index 20.0 4.1 8.2 21.1 40.5 6.1
Middle 26.8 6.4 8.0 21.2 30.6 7.0
Ring 20.0 5.2 11.4 24.3 31.2 7.9
Little 20.0 9.8 9.3 23.5 30.4 7.0
Table C.9: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of all ten fingers of a FiveInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Any 90.2 89.6 85.2 65.0 18.0 8.0 7.7
At Least Two 83.5 80.9 72.9 44.0 5.7 4.1 4.1
At Least Three 79.0 73.0 57.6 24.7 2.9 2.9 2.9
All Four 65.4 52.9 37.0 9.4 1.7 1.7 1.7
Left
Any 89.9 88.5 84.9 70.2 19.4 7.2 7.0
At Least Two 83.4 79.6 71.9 50.5 5.6 2.9 2.9
At Least Three 76.5 69.4 57.3 29.7 2.7 2.1 2.1
All Four 63.3 50.3 36.7 10.3 0.5 0.5 0.5
Table C.10: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of index and middle fingers of a FiveInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Either Index or Middle 85.6 83.6 77.3 58.5 14.1 6.0 5.7
Both Index and Middle 70.7 63.7 52.0 27.8 3.7 3.1 3.1
Left
Either Index or Middle 83.2 80.9 74.8 57.2 10.1 4.6 4.5
Both Index and Middle 70.0 61.8 51.7 27.1 3.1 2.5 2.5
Table C.11: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of index, middle, and ring fingers of a FiveInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Any 88.2 87.1 81.8 62.2 16.2 6.9 6.6
At Least Two 79.9 75.9 66.1 37.5 4.9 3.6 3.6
All Three 68.5 59.0 44.9 17.2 2.7 2.7 2.7
Left
Any 86.7 85.3 80.5 64.6 14.6 6.1 6.0
At Least Two 79.2 74.3 64.6 41.0 4.1 2.8 2.8
All Three 67.2 58.0 44.8 17.8 2.4 2.1 2.1