A Tenprint Cards (“TwoInch” Data)

A.1 Bootstrap Confidence for Segmentation Statistics

This section shows the same detailed results of segmentation of TwoInch data from Section 2.3, but with an added bootstrap confidence interval. For each observation, a bootstrap routine with 1 000 replicates was run, and a 95 % confidence interval extracted. The lower and upper confidence from that confidence interval are printed in each column within square brackets.

In Table A.1, results are shown of how successful DecaturImp+0004 segmented fingers for each subject in the test corpus. Table A.2 shows success for specific finger positions over the entire test corpus. Similarly, Table A.3 shows success for segmenting the same finger position from both hands.

The remainder of the tables show success per subject when considering combinations of subsets of the fingers in each slap image. Table A.4 shows success for combinations of all fingers, Table A.6 for the all except the little finger, and Table A.5 for just the index and middle fingers.

Table A.1: For each subject, the percentage that at least Number of Fingers fingers were correctly segmented, regardless of hand, for a maximum of eight correctly-segmented fingers. In Standard Scoring, scoring rules are followed exactly. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Number of Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
1 51.1 [50.3, 51.9] 51.5 [50.6, 52.3] 59.5 [58.7, 60.3]
2 45.8 [44.9, 46.6] 46.4 [45.6, 47.2] 52.1 [51.3, 52.9]
3 40.9 [40.0, 41.7] 42.4 [41.6, 43.3] 46.8 [46.0, 47.6]
4 34.3 [33.5, 35.1] 37.3 [36.5, 38.1] 41.2 [40.3, 42.1]
5 19.8 [19.1, 20.5] 21.0 [20.3, 21.7] 25.1 [24.4, 25.8]
6 16.6 [16.0, 17.3] 18.2 [17.5, 18.8] 21.1 [20.4, 21.8]
7 13.3 [12.7, 13.8] 15.6 [14.9, 16.2] 17.6 [16.9, 18.2]
8 8.3 [7.8, 8.8] 11.4 [10.8, 11.9] 12.8 [12.2, 13.3]
Table A.2: For all subjects, Percentage that a particular friction ridge generalized position was correctly segmented. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Finger Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Index 22.3 [21.7, 22.8] 23.1 [22.5, 23.7] 25.4 [24.8, 25.9]
Middle 24.3 [23.8, 24.9] 25.6 [25.0, 26.2] 28.7 [28.1, 29.3]
Ring 23.8 [23.3, 24.4] 24.8 [24.2, 25.3] 29.9 [29.3, 30.6]
Little 27.0 [26.4, 27.5] 27.2 [26.6, 27.8] 35.1 [34.5, 35.8]
Left
Index 33.1 [32.5, 33.9] 35.2 [34.6, 35.9] 37.5 [36.8, 38.2]
Middle 34.0 [33.4, 34.7] 37.0 [36.3, 37.6] 38.9 [38.2, 39.6]
Ring 34.0 [33.3, 34.6] 36.6 [35.9, 37.3] 40.9 [40.3, 41.6]
Little 39.7 [39.1, 40.4] 40.3 [39.6, 40.9] 47.1 [46.4, 47.8]
Table A.3: Percentage that a particular type of fingerprint was correctly segmented on Either or Both hands. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Index
Either 39.6 [38.8, 40.5] 41.4 [40.6, 42.2] 44.2 [43.3, 45.0]
Both 13.6 [13.0, 14.2] 15.3 [14.7, 15.8] 16.8 [16.2, 17.5]
Middle
Either 41.3 [40.5, 42.2] 43.9 [43.1, 44.8] 47.2 [46.3, 48.1]
Both 14.6 [14.1, 15.3] 17.3 [16.6, 17.9] 19.0 [18.3, 19.7]
Ring
Either 41.4 [40.6, 42.2] 43.5 [42.7, 44.4] 49.6 [48.7, 50.5]
Both 14.4 [13.8, 15.0] 16.4 [15.8, 17.0] 19.4 [18.7, 20.0]
Little
Either 46.8 [45.9, 47.6] 47.2 [46.4, 48.0] 55.8 [55.0, 56.8]
Both 18.3 [17.6, 19.0] 18.7 [18.0, 19.3] 24.1 [23.4, 24.8]
Table A.4: Percentage of segmentation success by hand for combinations of all eight fingers of a TwoInch slap. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Any 30.6 [36.5, 37.4] 30.9 [36.8, 37.7] 38.6 [43.8, 44.7]
At Least Two 26.6 [31.9, 32.8] 27.0 [32.5, 33.4] 32.0 [37.0, 38.0]
At Least Three 23.1 [27.5, 28.3] 23.9 [29.0, 29.9] 27.4 [32.2, 33.1]
All Four 17.0 [20.0, 20.7] 18.9 [23.1, 23.9] 21.2 [25.5, 26.3]
Left
Any 44.2 [36.5, 37.4] 44.6 [36.8, 37.7] 50.8 [43.8, 44.7]
At Least Two 39.0 [31.9, 32.8] 39.8 [32.5, 33.4] 43.8 [37.0, 38.0]
At Least Three 33.4 [27.5, 28.3] 35.7 [29.0, 29.9] 38.6 [32.2, 33.1]
All Four 24.3 [20.0, 20.7] 28.9 [23.1, 23.9] 31.3 [25.5, 26.3]
Table A.5: Percentage of segmentation success by hand when only considering combinations of index and middle fingers. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Either Index or Middle 26.9 [31.9, 32.8] 27.4 [32.8, 33.7] 30.8 [35.8, 36.7]
Both Index and Middle 19.7 [23.4, 24.2] 21.3 [26.0, 26.8] 23.3 [27.9, 28.7]
Left
Either Index or Middle 38.7 [31.9, 32.8] 39.9 [32.8, 33.7] 42.4 [35.8, 36.7]
Both Index and Middle 28.5 [23.4, 24.2] 32.3 [26.0, 26.8] 34.0 [27.9, 28.7]
Table A.6: Percentage of segmentation success by hand when only considering combinations of index, middle, and ring fingers. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Any 28.3 [33.8, 34.6] 28.7 [34.3, 35.2] 34.1 [39.1, 40.1]
At Least Two 24.2 [28.7, 29.5] 25.0 [30.1, 31.0] 28.1 [32.9, 33.8]
All Three 17.9 [21.1, 21.9] 19.8 [24.2, 25.0] 21.9 [26.1, 27.0]
Left
Any 40.9 [33.8, 34.6] 41.7 [34.3, 35.2] 46.0 [39.1, 40.1]
At Least Two 34.7 [28.7, 29.5] 36.9 [30.1, 31.0] 39.4 [32.9, 33.8]
All Three 25.5 [21.1, 21.9] 30.2 [24.2, 25.0] 31.9 [26.1, 27.0]

A.2 Jaccard Index

Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices as compared to the traditional success metrics. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Figure A.1: Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices as compared to the traditional success metrics. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices for each friction ridge generalized position. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Figure A.2: Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices for each friction ridge generalized position. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Table A.7: For each subject, the percentage that at least Number of Fingers fingers were segmented with a Jaccard index in the indicated range.
Number of Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
1 100.0 99.7 88.7 50.2 18.0 6.5 3.0
2 99.9 99.3 84.3 45.3 13.1 3.3 0.9
3 99.8 98.3 78.9 39.7 8.4 1.3 0.2
4 99.4 96.4 70.8 31.7 4.8 0.4 0.0
5 95.4 91.0 53.6 18.1 1.8 0.1 0
6 94.9 86.7 46.9 14.7 1.0 0.0 0
7 93.6 79.1 38.6 11.1 0.6 0 0
8 86.4 63.5 27.3 6.4 0.2 0 0
Table A.8: For all subjects, percentage that a particular friction ridge generalized position was segmented with a Jaccard index in the indicated range.
Finger 0-0.5 0.5-0.6 0.6-0.7 0.7-0.8 0.8-0.9 0.9-1.0
Right
Index 2.1 6.3 32.1 34.5 18.5 6.5
Middle 1.3 6.2 35.2 34.3 18.7 4.3
Ring 1.6 9.3 33.3 32.4 18.2 5.2
Little 1.5 3.6 30.9 37.9 20.5 5.6
Left
Index 1.8 5.8 22.9 35.7 25.5 8.3
Middle 2.1 7.0 25.2 35.7 24.6 5.4
Ring 1.6 8.0 24.9 34.0 24.3 7.2
Little 1.1 3.3 21.6 39.9 26.2 7.9
Table A.9: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of all eight fingers of a TwoInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Any 99.8 98.8 70.9 31.2 9.5 3.2 1.4
At Least Two 99.7 96.7 64.3 27.6 6.6 1.4 0.3
At Least Three 99.2 92.2 57.0 23.2 3.9 0.4 0.0
All Four 95.0 80.5 44.4 15.6 1.6 0.1 0.0
Left
Any 99.7 98.9 81.4 42.2 12.7 4.1 1.9
At Least Two 99.6 96.7 75.0 36.8 8.5 2.0 0.6
At Least Three 99.0 92.5 66.5 30.1 5.2 0.7 0.1
All Four 95.1 81.0 51.7 20.3 2.4 0.1 0.0
Table A.10: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of index and middle fingers of a TwoInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Either Index or Middle 99.6 96.7 65.6 28.4 7.7 2.3 0.7
Both Index and Middle 97.1 87.4 51.2 19.6 3.2 0.4 0.1
Left
Either Index or Middle 99.5 96.6 76.2 38.0 10.0 2.6 1.0
Both Index and Middle 96.6 86.6 59.0 25.8 3.7 0.4 0.1
Table A.11: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of index, middle, and ring fingers of a TwoInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Any 99.7 97.6 67.4 29.7 8.8 2.8 1.0
At Least Two 99.3 93.3 59.0 24.7 5.2 0.8 0.1
All Three 96.1 82.4 46.3 17.1 2.1 0.1 0.0
Left
Any 99.6 97.7 78.4 40.1 11.4 3.3 1.4
At Least Two 99.1 93.3 68.6 32.8 6.6 1.1 0.3
All Three 95.7 82.6 53.6 22.4 2.8 0.2 0.0