C Upper Palm (“FiveInch” Data)

C.1 Bootstrap Confidence for Segmentation Statistics

This section shows the same detailed results of segmentation of FiveInch data from Section 4.3, but with an added bootstrap confidence interval. For each observation, a bootstrap routine with 1 000 replicates was run, and a 95 % confidence interval extracted. The lower and upper confidence from that confidence interval are printed in each column within square brackets.

In Table C.1, results are shown of how successful thalescogent+0003 segmented fingers for each subject in the test corpus. Table C.2 shows success for specific finger positions over the entire test corpus. Similarly, Table C.3 shows success for segmenting the same finger position from both hands.

The remainder of the tables show success per subject when considering combinations of subsets of the fingers in each slap image. Table C.4 shows success for combinations of all fingers, Table C.6 for the all except the little finger, and Table C.5 for just the index and middle fingers.

Table C.1: For each subject, the percentage that at least Number of Fingers fingers were correctly segmented, regardless of hand, for a maximum of eight correctly-segmented fingers. In Standard Scoring, scoring rules are followed exactly. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Number of Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
1 95.9 [94.3, 97.2] 96.2 [94.9, 97.5] 96.2 [94.9, 97.6]
2 92.8 [90.9, 94.6] 92.9 [91.2, 94.6] 92.9 [91.0, 94.7]
3 88.3 [85.9, 90.4] 88.4 [86.0, 90.5] 88.8 [86.6, 91.0]
4 83.1 [80.4, 85.8] 83.1 [80.2, 85.6] 83.7 [80.9, 86.3]
5 73.4 [70.2, 76.4] 74.3 [71.3, 77.5] 74.8 [71.5, 77.9]
6 65.9 [62.6, 69.2] 66.4 [63.1, 69.7] 67.7 [64.3, 71.1]
7 55.2 [51.8, 58.8] 56.8 [53.1, 60.1] 58.8 [55.5, 62.5]
8 38.2 [34.9, 41.8] 39.8 [36.2, 43.3] 42.3 [38.9, 45.3]
Table C.2: For all subjects, Percentage that a particular friction ridge generalized position was correctly segmented. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Finger Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Index 77.9 [74.9, 80.7] 78.2 [75.3, 81.1] 78.7 [75.5, 81.6]
Middle 67.6 [64.2, 71.0] 68.8 [65.7, 72.3] 70.5 [67.0, 73.7]
Ring 74.3 [71.1, 77.5] 75.3 [72.1, 78.2] 77.4 [74.5, 80.3]
Little 77.8 [74.6, 80.6] 78.1 [75.1, 81.0] 78.6 [75.8, 81.5]
Left
Index 77.3 [74.1, 80.4] 77.7 [74.8, 80.8] 78.4 [75.6, 81.4]
Middle 66.2 [62.6, 69.6] 66.7 [63.4, 70.2] 66.8 [63.5, 70.6]
Ring 74.5 [71.5, 77.6] 75.7 [72.7, 78.6] 76.0 [72.8, 79.2]
Little 81.8 [79.3, 84.5] 82.2 [79.4, 84.7] 83.6 [80.9, 86.1]
Table C.3: Percentage that a particular type of fingerprint was correctly segmented on Either or Both hands. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Index
Either 88.9 [86.7, 91.2] 88.9 [86.8, 91.2] 89.2 [87.0, 91.4]
Both 65.1 [61.7, 68.4] 65.7 [62.6, 68.9] 66.7 [63.2, 70.1]
Middle
Either 79.8 [76.5, 82.7] 80.6 [77.9, 83.5] 81.6 [78.7, 84.3]
Both 52.8 [49.3, 56.3] 53.8 [50.3, 57.3] 54.7 [51.0, 58.1]
Ring
Either 85.8 [83.3, 88.3] 86.3 [83.9, 88.7] 86.4 [83.8, 88.9]
Both 61.9 [58.2, 65.5] 63.5 [59.9, 66.8] 65.7 [62.2, 69.0]
Little
Either 91.6 [89.5, 93.4] 92.0 [90.0, 93.7] 92.1 [90.1, 93.9]
Both 66.8 [63.6, 70.1] 67.1 [63.9, 70.5] 68.8 [65.3, 72.1]
Table C.4: Percentage of segmentation success by hand for combinations of all eight fingers of a FiveInch slap. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Any 90.0 [88.8, 91.7] 90.2 [89.0, 91.9] 90.2 [89.1, 92.0]
At Least Two 82.4 [80.0, 83.9] 82.4 [80.2, 83.9] 83.0 [80.9, 84.5]
At Least Three 71.8 [69.5, 74.0] 72.1 [69.6, 74.4] 74.1 [71.1, 75.8]
All Four 53.3 [52.1, 57.3] 55.6 [53.9, 59.0] 58.0 [55.8, 60.7]
Left
Any 90.5 [88.8, 91.7] 90.8 [89.0, 91.9] 91.1 [89.1, 92.0]
At Least Two 81.6 [80.0, 83.9] 81.8 [80.2, 83.9] 82.4 [80.9, 84.5]
At Least Three 71.9 [69.5, 74.0] 72.3 [69.6, 74.4] 72.9 [71.1, 75.8]
All Four 56.0 [52.1, 57.3] 57.4 [53.9, 59.0] 58.4 [55.8, 60.7]
Table C.5: Percentage of segmentation success by hand when only considering combinations of index and middle fingers. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Either Index or Middle 82.8 [80.7, 84.5] 82.8 [80.7, 84.5] 83.2 [80.9, 84.8]
Both Index and Middle 62.6 [59.2, 64.2] 64.1 [60.6, 65.5] 66.0 [61.8, 66.7]
Left
Either Index or Middle 82.4 [80.7, 84.5] 82.4 [80.7, 84.5] 82.8 [80.9, 84.8]
Both Index and Middle 61.1 [59.2, 64.2] 62.1 [60.6, 65.5] 62.5 [61.8, 66.7]
Table C.6: Percentage of segmentation success by hand when only considering combinations of index, middle, and ring fingers. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Any 85.6 [83.5, 87.1] 85.6 [83.7, 87.3] 85.8 [84.0, 87.5]
At Least Two 75.9 [72.8, 77.6] 76.2 [73.4, 77.6] 77.4 [74.0, 78.4]
All Three 58.2 [55.9, 60.9] 60.4 [57.8, 62.7] 63.4 [59.6, 64.4]
Left
Any 85.0 [83.5, 87.1] 85.4 [83.7, 87.3] 85.7 [84.0, 87.5]
At Least Two 74.4 [72.8, 77.6] 74.8 [73.4, 77.6] 75.2 [74.0, 78.4]
All Three 58.6 [55.9, 60.9] 59.9 [57.8, 62.7] 60.3 [59.6, 64.4]

C.2 Jaccard Index

Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices as compared to the traditional success metrics. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Figure C.1: Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices as compared to the traditional success metrics. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices for each friction ridge generalized position. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Figure C.2: Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices for each friction ridge generalized position. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Table C.7: For each subject, the percentage that at least Number of Fingers fingers were segmented with a Jaccard index in the indicated range.
Number of Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
1 96.0 95.8 94.9 69.0 12.9 9.9 9.9
2 93.4 93.0 88.8 38.2 4.6 4.3 4.3
3 90.1 88.7 78.8 18.1 2.9 2.9 2.9
4 86.3 83.5 65.9 7.2 2.4 2.4 2.4
5 78.4 75.8 51.4 2.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
6 73.3 69.4 36.9 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.9
7 66.8 59.2 21.1 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5
8 56.0 40.6 7.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Table C.8: For all subjects, percentage that a particular friction ridge generalized position was segmented with a Jaccard index in the indicated range.
Finger 0-0.5 0.5-0.6 0.6-0.7 0.7-0.8 0.8-0.9 0.9-1.0
Right
Index 18.8 2.1 14.4 44.5 17.0 3.2
Middle 23.5 4.6 24.5 36.2 7.2 4.0
Ring 18.6 6.0 25.4 38.3 8.0 3.7
Little 14.4 8.1 31.3 35.9 7.0 3.3
Left
Index 19.5 1.5 11.0 40.0 24.0 4.0
Middle 27.2 4.4 21.6 36.5 8.3 2.0
Ring 20.4 4.4 17.8 41.6 13.9 1.9
Little 12.2 3.6 16.0 36.9 27.7 3.6
Table C.9: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of all ten fingers of a FiveInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Any 90.6 89.8 84.6 35.9 6.1 5.7 5.7
At Least Two 85.1 83.5 64.8 11.3 3.6 3.6 3.6
At Least Three 79.1 75.0 41.9 4.3 2.5 2.5 2.5
All Four 69.9 55.6 17.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Left
Any 91.9 91.1 87.9 56.2 8.2 5.4 5.4
At Least Two 84.6 83.6 72.4 21.6 1.7 1.6 1.6
At Least Three 77.1 73.5 52.5 6.4 0.9 0.9 0.9
All Four 67.1 58.8 27.6 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.5
Table C.10: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of index and middle fingers of a FiveInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Either Index or Middle 85.2 84.2 75.0 26.9 5.2 4.9 4.9
Both Index and Middle 72.5 66.8 37.1 4.5 2.0 2.0 2.0
Left
Either Index or Middle 84.6 83.6 75.9 33.7 5.3 4.5 4.5
Both Index and Middle 68.7 63.9 39.0 4.6 0.7 0.7 0.7
Table C.11: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of index, middle, and ring fingers of a FiveInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Any 86.8 85.9 79.7 31.9 5.7 5.3 5.3
At Least Two 80.6 78.3 55.1 8.4 3.2 3.2 3.2
All Three 71.7 62.1 27.4 2.8 2.0 2.0 2.0
Left
Any 86.9 86.1 81.0 41.6 6.0 4.9 4.9
At Least Two 78.1 75.9 59.4 10.9 1.3 1.3 1.3
All Three 67.9 60.7 31.8 1.6 0.5 0.5 0.5