C Upper Palm (“FiveInch” Data)

C.1 Bootstrap Confidence for Segmentation Statistics

This section shows the same detailed results of segmentation of FiveInch data from Section 4.3, but with an added bootstrap confidence interval. For each observation, a bootstrap routine with 1 000 replicates was run, and a 95 % confidence interval extracted. The lower and upper confidence from that confidence interval are printed in each column within square brackets.

In Table C.1, results are shown of how successful roc+0005 segmented fingers for each subject in the test corpus. Table C.2 shows success for specific finger positions over the entire test corpus. Similarly, Table C.3 shows success for segmenting the same finger position from both hands.

The remainder of the tables show success per subject when considering combinations of subsets of the fingers in each slap image. Table C.4 shows success for combinations of all fingers, Table C.6 for the all except the little finger, and Table C.5 for just the index and middle fingers.

Table C.1: For each subject, the percentage that at least Number of Fingers fingers were correctly segmented, regardless of hand, for a maximum of eight correctly-segmented fingers. In Standard Scoring, scoring rules are followed exactly. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Number of Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
1 98.8 [98.0, 99.5] 98.9 [98.2, 99.6] 98.9 [98.2, 99.6]
2 96.7 [95.4, 97.9] 97.1 [95.8, 98.3] 97.1 [95.9, 98.3]
3 92.8 [90.6, 94.5] 93.0 [91.0, 94.7] 93.4 [91.6, 95.0]
4 88.0 [85.6, 90.3] 88.8 [86.6, 91.0] 89.3 [87.1, 91.4]
5 82.9 [80.1, 85.5] 84.7 [81.9, 87.4] 84.7 [82.1, 87.2]
6 76.3 [73.3, 79.2] 78.0 [74.8, 80.8] 78.0 [75.1, 81.2]
7 65.5 [61.9, 68.8] 68.4 [65.0, 71.7] 69.3 [66.3, 72.9]
8 46.1 [42.6, 49.7] 50.9 [47.2, 54.5] 53.4 [50.1, 56.9]
Table C.2: For all subjects, Percentage that a particular friction ridge generalized position was correctly segmented. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Finger Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Index 83.8 [81.0, 86.4] 84.4 [81.9, 87.0] 84.4 [81.6, 86.8]
Middle 79.3 [75.9, 82.0] 79.7 [76.7, 82.7] 80.5 [77.7, 83.2]
Ring 86.3 [83.9, 88.8] 87.1 [84.6, 89.6] 87.1 [84.6, 89.5]
Little 83.1 [80.3, 85.8] 87.8 [85.5, 90.3] 88.4 [86.2, 90.7]
Left
Index 81.7 [78.8, 84.9] 83.0 [80.4, 85.7] 83.4 [80.6, 86.1]
Middle 82.0 [79.2, 84.6] 82.0 [79.3, 84.7] 82.1 [79.4, 84.9]
Ring 82.9 [80.1, 85.5] 83.6 [80.9, 86.1] 84.7 [82.1, 87.3]
Little 73.2 [70.2, 76.3] 77.6 [74.7, 80.5] 78.8 [75.9, 81.6]
Table C.3: Percentage that a particular type of fingerprint was correctly segmented on Either or Both hands. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Index
Either 90.3 [88.1, 92.2] 90.9 [88.9, 92.8] 90.9 [88.9, 92.9]
Both 73.9 [70.6, 76.9] 75.2 [72.3, 78.1] 75.6 [72.6, 78.5]
Middle
Either 90.9 [88.8, 92.9] 91.0 [88.9, 92.9] 91.2 [89.2, 93.0]
Both 69.0 [65.7, 72.2] 69.3 [66.0, 72.5] 70.1 [66.8, 73.3]
Ring
Either 93.3 [91.6, 95.0] 93.8 [92.1, 95.5] 94.1 [92.4, 95.7]
Both 74.6 [71.4, 77.7] 75.5 [72.5, 78.5] 76.4 [73.5, 79.4]
Little
Either 90.1 [88.0, 92.4] 93.9 [92.2, 95.5] 94.6 [92.9, 96.2]
Both 65.0 [61.5, 68.5] 70.1 [66.8, 73.6] 71.3 [68.1, 74.6]
Table C.4: Percentage of segmentation success by hand for combinations of all eight fingers of a FiveInch slap. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Any 96.4 [95.2, 97.1] 96.8 [95.4, 97.3] 96.9 [95.7, 97.5]
At Least Two 89.5 [87.3, 90.5] 90.2 [87.8, 90.8] 90.2 [87.7, 91.0]
At Least Three 81.2 [77.6, 81.8] 82.2 [79.0, 82.9] 82.2 [79.2, 83.1]
All Four 65.3 [58.9, 63.9] 69.8 [63.3, 68.2] 71.1 [65.2, 70.0]
Left
Any 95.9 [95.2, 97.1] 96.0 [95.4, 97.3] 96.3 [95.7, 97.5]
At Least Two 88.3 [87.3, 90.5] 88.5 [87.8, 90.8] 88.5 [87.7, 91.0]
At Least Three 78.2 [77.6, 81.8] 79.7 [79.0, 82.9] 80.1 [79.2, 83.1]
All Four 57.3 [58.9, 63.9] 61.9 [63.3, 68.2] 64.2 [65.2, 70.0]
Table C.5: Percentage of segmentation success by hand when only considering combinations of index and middle fingers. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Either Index or Middle 87.8 [87.1, 90.3] 88.2 [87.3, 90.5] 88.2 [87.4, 90.6]
Both Index and Middle 75.3 [72.3, 76.9] 75.9 [73.4, 77.8] 76.7 [73.9, 78.2]
Left
Either Index or Middle 89.7 [87.1, 90.3] 89.7 [87.3, 90.5] 89.8 [87.4, 90.6]
Both Index and Middle 74.0 [72.3, 76.9] 75.3 [73.4, 77.8] 75.7 [73.9, 78.2]
Table C.6: Percentage of segmentation success by hand when only considering combinations of index, middle, and ring fingers. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Any 92.7 [91.6, 94.3] 93.1 [91.9, 94.4] 93.1 [92.1, 94.6]
At Least Two 84.0 [82.1, 85.7] 84.4 [82.3, 86.0] 84.4 [82.3, 86.0]
All Three 72.6 [68.7, 73.2] 73.7 [70.3, 74.7] 74.5 [71.1, 75.8]
Left
Any 93.2 [91.6, 94.3] 93.4 [91.9, 94.4] 93.6 [92.1, 94.6]
At Least Two 83.8 [82.1, 85.7] 84.0 [82.3, 86.0] 84.1 [82.3, 86.0]
All Three 69.5 [68.7, 73.2] 71.2 [70.3, 74.7] 72.5 [71.1, 75.8]

C.2 Jaccard Index

Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices as compared to the traditional success metrics. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Figure C.1: Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices as compared to the traditional success metrics. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices for each friction ridge generalized position. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Figure C.2: Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices for each friction ridge generalized position. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Table C.7: For each subject, the percentage that at least Number of Fingers fingers were segmented with a Jaccard index in the indicated range.
Number of Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
1 98.9 98.9 98.8 98.6 92.6 35.0 16.7
2 97.1 97.1 96.8 96.2 78.9 12.5 10.1
3 93.7 93.5 93.0 92.5 56.3 7.4 6.9
4 89.6 89.6 89.1 87.0 34.7 5.3 5.1
5 85.4 85.0 83.8 80.8 16.9 3.3 3.3
6 79.7 79.7 78.8 74.0 7.1 2.9 2.9
7 70.6 69.7 68.2 60.9 3.2 2.2 2.2
8 61.3 59.2 55.6 38.7 2.0 1.8 1.8
Table C.8: For all subjects, percentage that a particular friction ridge generalized position was segmented with a Jaccard index in the indicated range.
Finger 0-0.5 0.5-0.6 0.6-0.7 0.7-0.8 0.8-0.9 0.9-1.0
Right
Index 14.6 0 0.9 2.3 33.8 48.4
Middle 18.1 0.1 0.4 6.0 46.8 28.6
Ring 12.9 0.1 0.7 2.5 38.0 45.8
Little 11.7 1.5 1.2 4.8 48.9 31.9
Left
Index 15.4 0.5 1.1 3.7 43.8 35.5
Middle 17.1 0 0.5 4.1 41.0 37.3
Ring 13.8 0.3 0.5 3.3 39.8 42.3
Little 14.7 1.1 3.3 9.2 47.6 24.1
Table C.9: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of all ten fingers of a FiveInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Any 96.9 96.9 96.9 96.0 80.2 22.3 12.0
At Least Two 90.0 90.0 89.8 88.7 49.2 7.6 6.9
At Least Three 82.6 82.4 81.4 78.6 20.2 4.7 4.7
All Four 73.1 71.5 69.7 58.9 5.1 3.2 3.2
Left
Any 97.1 97.1 96.4 95.9 76.8 21.1 11.4
At Least Two 89.4 89.3 89.1 87.0 40.3 6.8 6.0
At Least Three 81.4 81.2 79.8 76.4 17.9 3.3 3.3
All Four 71.1 69.6 66.3 52.1 4.2 2.1 2.1
Table C.10: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of index and middle fingers of a FiveInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Either Index or Middle 88.7 88.7 88.4 87.5 59.2 13.8 6.6
Both Index and Middle 78.6 78.5 77.4 70.1 17.8 3.7 3.6
Left
Either Index or Middle 90.2 90.2 89.9 88.9 55.3 15.4 9.7
Both Index and Middle 77.3 76.8 75.5 68.7 17.5 2.9 2.8
Table C.11: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of index, middle, and ring fingers of a FiveInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Any 93.1 93.1 93.0 92.3 74.1 19.8 10.8
At Least Two 85.0 84.8 84.4 82.4 38.0 5.7 5.5
All Three 76.3 76.2 74.7 66.6 10.6 3.3 3.3
Left
Any 93.9 93.9 93.5 92.6 71.0 19.8 11.3
At Least Two 84.7 84.6 84.2 82.4 32.8 6.1 5.6
All Three 75.1 74.4 73.1 64.7 11.4 2.5 2.5