A Tenprint Cards (“TwoInch” Data)

A.1 Bootstrap Confidence for Segmentation Statistics

This section shows the same detailed results of segmentation of TwoInch data from Section 2.3, but with an added bootstrap confidence interval. For each observation, a bootstrap routine with 1 000 replicates was run, and a 95 % confidence interval extracted. The lower and upper confidence from that confidence interval are printed in each column within square brackets.

In Table A.1, results are shown of how successful innovatrics+0006 segmented fingers for each subject in the test corpus. Table A.2 shows success for specific finger positions over the entire test corpus. Similarly, Table A.3 shows success for segmenting the same finger position from both hands.

The remainder of the tables show success per subject when considering combinations of subsets of the fingers in each slap image. Table A.4 shows success for combinations of all fingers, Table A.6 for the all except the little finger, and Table A.5 for just the index and middle fingers.

Table A.1: For each subject, the percentage that at least Number of Fingers fingers were correctly segmented, regardless of hand, for a maximum of eight correctly-segmented fingers. In Standard Scoring, scoring rules are followed exactly. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Number of Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
1 98.3 [98.1, 98.5] 98.4 [98.2, 98.6] 99.2 [99.0, 99.3]
2 97.4 [97.0, 97.6] 97.5 [97.2, 97.8] 98.5 [98.3, 98.7]
3 95.8 [95.5, 96.2] 96.1 [95.8, 96.4] 97.4 [97.1, 97.7]
4 92.6 [92.1, 93.0] 93.1 [92.6, 93.5] 95.2 [94.9, 95.6]
5 82.0 [81.4, 82.7] 82.3 [81.7, 83.0] 86.8 [86.2, 87.3]
6 78.0 [77.4, 78.8] 78.6 [78.0, 79.4] 82.7 [82.0, 83.3]
7 71.3 [70.4, 72.0] 72.6 [71.9, 73.4] 76.9 [76.2, 77.6]
8 54.8 [53.9, 55.6] 58.1 [57.2, 58.9] 63.0 [62.2, 63.9]
Table A.2: For all subjects, Percentage that a particular friction ridge generalized position was correctly segmented. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Finger Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Index 80.1 [79.6, 80.6] 81.7 [81.2, 82.2] 82.5 [82.1, 83.1]
Middle 85.3 [84.9, 85.8] 85.6 [85.2, 86.1] 86.9 [86.4, 87.3]
Ring 85.9 [85.5, 86.3] 86.3 [85.9, 86.7] 87.5 [87.0, 87.9]
Little 85.2 [84.7, 85.6] 85.9 [85.5, 86.4] 89.8 [89.4, 90.2]
Left
Index 88.3 [87.8, 88.7] 89.0 [88.6, 89.5] 90.7 [90.3, 91.2]
Middle 88.6 [88.1, 89.0] 89.2 [88.7, 89.6] 91.5 [91.1, 91.9]
Ring 89.3 [88.9, 89.8] 90.4 [90.0, 90.8] 92.9 [92.6, 93.3]
Little 83.2 [82.7, 83.8] 84.3 [83.8, 84.8] 94.1 [93.7, 94.4]
Table A.3: Percentage that a particular type of fingerprint was correctly segmented on Either or Both hands. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Index
Either 94.8 [94.4, 95.2] 95.2 [94.9, 95.6] 95.9 [95.6, 96.3]
Both 69.6 [68.8, 70.4] 71.5 [70.8, 72.4] 73.2 [72.5, 74.0]
Middle
Either 96.1 [95.7, 96.4] 96.2 [95.9, 96.5] 97.0 [96.7, 97.3]
Both 74.1 [73.3, 74.9] 74.9 [74.1, 75.7] 77.4 [76.6, 78.1]
Ring
Either 96.4 [96.1, 96.7] 96.6 [96.3, 96.9] 97.4 [97.1, 97.7]
Both 75.0 [74.2, 75.7] 76.3 [75.6, 77.1] 79.2 [78.5, 79.9]
Little
Either 94.3 [93.9, 94.7] 94.7 [94.3, 95.1] 97.8 [97.6, 98.1]
Both 69.8 [69.0, 70.6] 71.1 [70.4, 71.9] 81.7 [81.0, 82.3]
Table A.4: Percentage of segmentation success by hand for combinations of all eight fingers of a TwoInch slap. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Any 91.6 [92.6, 93.1] 91.8 [92.8, 93.3] 94.0 [95.3, 95.7]
At Least Two 88.9 [90.0, 90.6] 89.1 [90.3, 90.8] 90.8 [92.6, 93.1]
At Least Three 84.7 [85.9, 86.5] 85.1 [86.4, 87.1] 86.7 [89.1, 89.7]
All Four 71.4 [72.7, 73.6] 73.6 [75.0, 75.9] 75.2 [79.0, 79.7]
Left
Any 94.3 [92.6, 93.1] 94.5 [92.8, 93.3] 97.3 [95.3, 95.7]
At Least Two 91.9 [90.0, 90.6] 92.2 [90.3, 90.8] 95.2 [92.6, 93.1]
At Least Three 87.9 [85.9, 86.5] 88.7 [86.4, 87.1] 92.6 [89.1, 89.7]
All Four 75.3 [72.7, 73.6] 77.6 [75.0, 75.9] 84.2 [79.0, 79.7]
Table A.5: Percentage of segmentation success by hand when only considering combinations of index and middle fingers. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Either Index or Middle 88.9 [90.4, 90.9] 89.2 [90.6, 91.1] 90.5 [92.2, 92.7]
Both Index and Middle 76.5 [79.7, 80.5] 78.2 [81.1, 81.9] 78.9 [82.6, 83.3]
Left
Either Index or Middle 92.6 [90.4, 90.9] 92.8 [90.6, 91.1] 94.8 [92.2, 92.7]
Both Index and Middle 84.2 [79.7, 80.5] 85.4 [81.1, 81.9] 87.5 [82.6, 83.3]
Table A.6: Percentage of segmentation success by hand when only considering combinations of index, middle, and ring fingers. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Any 90.6 [91.8, 92.3] 90.7 [91.9, 92.4] 92.1 [93.6, 94.0]
At Least Two 86.5 [88.1, 88.7] 86.8 [88.4, 89.0] 88.0 [90.2, 90.7]
All Three 74.2 [77.4, 78.2] 76.1 [79.3, 80.1] 76.8 [80.7, 81.5]
Left
Any 93.8 [91.8, 92.3] 93.9 [91.9, 92.4] 95.8 [93.6, 94.0]
At Least Two 90.5 [88.1, 88.7] 90.9 [88.4, 89.0] 93.3 [90.2, 90.7]
All Three 81.9 [77.4, 78.2] 83.8 [79.3, 80.1] 86.1 [80.7, 81.5]

A.2 Jaccard Index

Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices as compared to the traditional success metrics. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Figure A.1: Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices as compared to the traditional success metrics. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices for each friction ridge generalized position. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Figure A.2: Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices for each friction ridge generalized position. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Table A.7: For each subject, the percentage that at least Number of Fingers fingers were segmented with a Jaccard index in the indicated range.
Number of Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
1 99.9 99.9 99.7 97.8 54.6 4.1 0.1
2 99.8 99.7 99.4 96.0 30.0 0.3 0.0
3 99.5 99.4 98.9 92.4 13.8 0.0 0.0
4 99.1 98.8 97.6 84.3 5.3 0.0 0.0
5 95.4 95.1 93.0 73.9 1.7 0 0
6 95.0 94.5 90.9 62.9 0.5 0 0
7 93.8 92.1 85.3 45.0 0.1 0 0
8 89.7 83.9 66.9 20.6 0.0 0 0
Table A.8: For all subjects, percentage that a particular friction ridge generalized position was segmented with a Jaccard index in the indicated range.
Finger 0-0.5 0.5-0.6 0.6-0.7 0.7-0.8 0.8-0.9 0.9-1.0
Right
Index 1.7 1.4 5.1 17.5 56.6 17.7
Middle 0.7 0.6 3.4 19.6 61.7 14.0
Ring 1.1 1.5 3.5 17.8 63.0 13.1
Little 2.2 1.5 3.8 23.4 58.8 10.3
Left
Index 0.8 0.7 2.9 13.8 65.0 16.8
Middle 0.7 0.6 3.8 24.3 61.2 9.4
Ring 0.9 0.8 2.9 17.5 64.1 13.8
Little 2.0 1.5 5.5 30.6 50.6 9.8
Table A.9: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of all eight fingers of a TwoInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Any 99.9 99.8 98.6 90.2 35.6 2.0 0.0
At Least Two 99.7 99.3 97.6 85.2 14.7 0.1 0.0
At Least Three 98.8 97.9 94.8 73.8 4.0 0.0 0.0
All Four 95.9 92.3 82.5 46.0 0.7 0.0 0.0
Left
Any 99.8 99.8 99.0 92.0 33.0 1.9 0.1
At Least Two 99.6 99.4 98.2 86.2 12.9 0.1 0.0
At Least Three 99.1 98.5 95.9 72.4 3.5 0.0 0.0
All Four 97.0 94.2 83.8 40.1 0.4 0.0 0.0
Table A.10: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of index and middle fingers of a TwoInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Either Index or Middle 99.7 99.5 98.1 87.1 26.7 1.4 0.0
Both Index and Middle 97.8 96.0 88.9 62.9 4.9 0.0 0.0
Left
Either Index or Middle 99.7 99.6 98.5 88.9 22.6 1.1 0.1
Both Index and Middle 98.8 97.6 91.9 63.4 3.6 0.0 0.0
Table A.11: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of index, middle, and ring fingers of a TwoInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Any 99.8 99.7 98.4 89.2 32.1 1.8 0.0
At Least Two 99.4 98.9 96.5 80.7 10.8 0.1 0.0
All Three 97.2 94.5 86.1 56.2 1.9 0.0 0.0
Left
Any 99.8 99.7 98.8 91.2 29.3 1.4 0.1
At Least Two 99.5 99.1 97.4 82.0 9.2 0.1 0.0
All Three 98.3 96.6 89.6 57.1 1.5 0.0 0.0