C Upper Palm (“FiveInch” Data)

C.1 Bootstrap Confidence for Segmentation Statistics

This section shows the same detailed results of segmentation of FiveInch data from Section 4.3, but with an added bootstrap confidence interval. For each observation, a bootstrap routine with 1 000 replicates was run, and a 95 % confidence interval extracted. The lower and upper confidence from that confidence interval are printed in each column within square brackets.

In Table C.1, results are shown of how successful Neurotechnology+0008 segmented fingers for each subject in the test corpus. Table C.2 shows success for specific finger positions over the entire test corpus. Similarly, Table C.3 shows success for segmenting the same finger position from both hands.

The remainder of the tables show success per subject when considering combinations of subsets of the fingers in each slap image. Table C.4 shows success for combinations of all fingers, Table C.6 for the all except the little finger, and Table C.5 for just the index and middle fingers.

Table C.1: For each subject, the percentage that at least Number of Fingers fingers were correctly segmented, regardless of hand, for a maximum of eight correctly-segmented fingers. In Standard Scoring, scoring rules are followed exactly. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Number of Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
1 99.3 [98.7, 99.9] 99.3 [98.7, 99.9] 99.3 [98.7, 99.9]
2 98.6 [97.6, 99.3] 98.6 [97.6, 99.3] 98.7 [97.9, 99.5]
3 97.4 [96.2, 98.4] 97.4 [96.2, 98.4] 97.6 [96.6, 98.6]
4 95.4 [93.9, 96.8] 95.4 [93.8, 96.8] 95.4 [93.8, 96.8]
5 88.0 [85.8, 90.4] 88.3 [86.0, 90.5] 88.7 [86.6, 90.9]
6 80.5 [77.6, 83.3] 80.6 [77.9, 83.4] 81.3 [78.5, 83.9]
7 69.0 [66.0, 72.3] 69.2 [66.1, 72.6] 70.4 [66.9, 73.5]
8 50.7 [47.2, 54.3] 50.7 [47.0, 54.3] 52.7 [49.1, 56.3]
Table C.2: For all subjects, Percentage that a particular friction ridge generalized position was correctly segmented. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Finger Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Index 87.2 [84.7, 89.6] 87.2 [84.7, 89.6] 87.6 [85.4, 90.0]
Middle 85.1 [82.7, 87.5] 85.1 [82.6, 87.5] 85.9 [83.2, 88.4]
Ring 85.9 [83.2, 88.3] 86.0 [83.4, 88.6] 86.6 [84.2, 89.2]
Little 85.0 [82.4, 87.4] 85.0 [82.4, 87.4] 86.7 [84.3, 89.2]
Left
Index 85.8 [83.3, 88.3] 85.8 [83.4, 88.2] 86.3 [83.8, 88.6]
Middle 83.7 [81.0, 86.3] 83.7 [80.8, 86.2] 84.0 [81.3, 86.5]
Ring 89.0 [86.9, 91.2] 89.4 [87.3, 91.6] 89.5 [87.3, 91.6]
Little 82.6 [79.8, 85.1] 82.6 [80.0, 85.4] 82.9 [80.2, 85.5]
Table C.3: Percentage that a particular type of fingerprint was correctly segmented on Either or Both hands. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Index
Either 95.1 [93.5, 96.6] 95.1 [93.5, 96.6] 95.4 [93.7, 96.7]
Both 76.5 [73.4, 79.6] 76.5 [73.5, 79.4] 77.2 [74.3, 80.2]
Middle
Either 93.9 [92.1, 95.7] 93.9 [92.2, 95.7] 94.3 [92.6, 95.9]
Both 73.5 [70.4, 76.8] 73.5 [70.5, 76.7] 74.2 [70.8, 77.3]
Ring
Either 96.2 [94.7, 97.5] 96.4 [95.1, 97.8] 96.4 [95.1, 97.6]
Both 77.3 [74.4, 80.1] 77.6 [74.6, 80.6] 78.3 [75.4, 81.0]
Little
Either 95.8 [94.2, 97.1] 95.8 [94.2, 97.1] 96.2 [94.7, 97.5]
Both 70.5 [67.2, 73.8] 70.5 [67.3, 73.8] 72.1 [68.9, 75.2]
Table C.4: Percentage of segmentation success by hand for combinations of all eight fingers of a FiveInch slap. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Any 97.5 [96.9, 98.4] 97.5 [96.9, 98.5] 97.6 [97.0, 98.5]
At Least Two 92.6 [91.4, 94.0] 92.6 [91.5, 94.1] 92.7 [91.6, 94.2]
At Least Three 84.8 [82.9, 86.6] 84.8 [82.8, 86.7] 85.5 [83.5, 87.1]
All Four 68.4 [64.5, 69.3] 68.5 [64.7, 69.6] 71.0 [66.3, 71.0]
Left
Any 97.9 [96.9, 98.4] 98.0 [96.9, 98.5] 98.0 [97.0, 98.5]
At Least Two 92.8 [91.4, 94.0] 93.0 [91.5, 94.1] 93.2 [91.6, 94.2]
At Least Three 84.7 [82.9, 86.6] 84.7 [82.8, 86.7] 85.0 [83.5, 87.1]
All Four 65.6 [64.5, 69.3] 65.8 [64.7, 69.6] 66.4 [66.3, 71.0]
Table C.5: Percentage of segmentation success by hand when only considering combinations of index and middle fingers. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Either Index or Middle 93.4 [92.0, 94.4] 93.4 [91.9, 94.6] 93.6 [92.1, 94.6]
Both Index and Middle 79.0 [75.6, 79.8] 79.0 [75.5, 79.6] 79.9 [76.4, 80.7]
Left
Either Index or Middle 93.1 [92.0, 94.4] 93.1 [91.9, 94.6] 93.1 [92.1, 94.6]
Both Index and Middle 76.4 [75.6, 79.8] 76.4 [75.5, 79.6] 77.2 [76.4, 80.7]
Table C.6: Percentage of segmentation success by hand when only considering combinations of index, middle, and ring fingers. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Any 95.7 [95.2, 97.1] 95.7 [95.2, 97.1] 95.9 [95.4, 97.2]
At Least Two 89.0 [87.2, 90.2] 89.0 [87.3, 90.3] 89.4 [87.5, 90.6]
All Three 73.5 [71.4, 75.7] 73.7 [71.3, 75.8] 74.9 [72.1, 76.9]
Left
Any 96.6 [95.2, 97.1] 96.8 [95.2, 97.1] 96.8 [95.4, 97.2]
At Least Two 88.5 [87.2, 90.2] 88.5 [87.3, 90.3] 88.9 [87.5, 90.6]
All Three 73.5 [71.4, 75.7] 73.6 [71.3, 75.8] 74.1 [72.1, 76.9]

C.2 Jaccard Index

Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices as compared to the traditional success metrics. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Figure C.1: Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices as compared to the traditional success metrics. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices for each friction ridge generalized position. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Figure C.2: Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices for each friction ridge generalized position. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Table C.7: For each subject, the percentage that at least Number of Fingers fingers were segmented with a Jaccard index in the indicated range.
Number of Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
1 99.5 99.5 99.3 99.3 91.4 37.2 26.9
2 98.9 98.9 98.8 98.0 75.8 21.9 19.8
3 98.2 98.0 98.0 96.6 55.1 17.4 17.3
4 96.6 96.4 95.8 93.5 35.7 13.8 13.4
5 90.5 90.4 89.6 86.3 20.3 10.3 10.3
6 83.1 83.0 82.5 76.9 11.1 7.4 7.4
7 74.6 74.3 73.1 61.5 6.6 5.5 5.5
8 62.2 61.5 59.7 41.4 3.2 3.2 3.2
Table C.8: For all subjects, percentage that a particular friction ridge generalized position was segmented with a Jaccard index in the indicated range.
Finger 0-0.5 0.5-0.6 0.6-0.7 0.7-0.8 0.8-0.9 0.9-1.0
Right
Index 10.8 0.1 0.4 3.6 42.5 42.6
Middle 12.5 0.4 0.4 4.6 44.7 37.4
Ring 12.4 0 0.8 2.4 40.1 44.3
Little 10.2 0.3 0.4 5.8 53.1 30.2
Left
Index 12.5 0.1 1.1 4.9 43.2 38.2
Middle 14.1 0 0.8 4.6 39.3 41.2
Ring 9.4 0.1 0.7 3.2 37.3 49.3
Little 9.0 0.4 0.8 14.3 57.2 18.3
Table C.9: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of all ten fingers of a FiveInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Any 97.9 97.9 97.7 97.1 77.7 26.6 20.3
At Least Two 93.4 93.2 93.1 92.2 46.8 15.6 15.2
At Least Three 86.8 86.8 86.3 83.2 22.2 11.0 11.0
All Four 76.1 75.4 74.2 62.4 7.7 6.6 6.6
Left
Any 98.5 98.4 98.0 97.5 76.4 27.3 21.9
At Least Two 94.2 94.0 93.9 91.4 45.2 15.1 14.3
At Least Three 87.8 87.7 87.0 80.2 19.2 10.5 10.3
All Four 74.5 74.3 72.1 54.9 6.2 4.8 4.8
Table C.10: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of index and middle fingers of a FiveInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Either Index or Middle 94.1 94.1 94.1 93.2 60.2 22.5 19.5
Both Index and Middle 82.6 82.0 81.2 73.9 19.7 11.4 11.2
Left
Either Index or Middle 93.8 93.8 93.5 91.2 58.1 23.2 19.8
Both Index and Middle 79.7 79.6 78.0 70.7 21.4 10.1 9.7
Table C.11: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of index, middle, and ring fingers of a FiveInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Any 96.3 96.3 96.1 95.5 72.7 25.0 20.1
At Least Two 90.2 90.2 89.8 87.9 37.6 14.9 14.6
All Three 77.9 77.4 76.3 68.2 13.8 9.4 9.4
Left
Any 96.9 96.9 96.8 96.4 74.0 26.7 21.2
At Least Two 89.8 89.7 89.4 85.4 39.9 14.6 13.9
All Three 77.3 77.2 75.1 66.7 14.9 8.8 8.6