C Upper Palm (“FiveInch” Data)

C.1 Bootstrap Confidence for Segmentation Statistics

This section shows the same detailed results of segmentation of FiveInch data from Section 4.3, but with an added bootstrap confidence interval. For each observation, a bootstrap routine with 1 000 replicates was run, and a 95 % confidence interval extracted. The lower and upper confidence from that confidence interval are printed in each column within square brackets.

In Table C.1, results are shown of how successful Idemia+0904 segmented fingers for each subject in the test corpus. Table C.2 shows success for specific finger positions over the entire test corpus. Similarly, Table C.3 shows success for segmenting the same finger position from both hands.

The remainder of the tables show success per subject when considering combinations of subsets of the fingers in each slap image. Table C.4 shows success for combinations of all fingers, Table C.6 for the all except the little finger, and Table C.5 for just the index and middle fingers.

Table C.1: For each subject, the percentage that at least Number of Fingers fingers were correctly segmented, regardless of hand, for a maximum of eight correctly-segmented fingers. In Standard Scoring, scoring rules are followed exactly. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Number of Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
1 96.4 [95.0, 97.8] 96.4 [95.0, 97.6] 96.6 [95.3, 97.9]
2 90.1 [88.0, 92.1] 90.3 [88.3, 92.4] 90.5 [88.5, 92.8]
3 84.7 [81.8, 87.2] 85.0 [82.6, 87.5] 85.1 [82.5, 87.4]
4 77.3 [74.4, 80.2] 77.9 [74.8, 80.9] 78.0 [75.0, 81.0]
5 66.7 [63.2, 70.0] 66.7 [63.4, 70.1] 66.8 [63.4, 70.0]
6 58.2 [54.5, 61.8] 58.8 [55.2, 62.2] 59.6 [56.0, 63.4]
7 49.3 [45.7, 53.1] 49.7 [46.1, 53.2] 51.3 [47.6, 54.8]
8 31.5 [28.5, 35.0] 32.5 [29.1, 36.1] 34.8 [31.6, 38.1]
Table C.2: For all subjects, Percentage that a particular friction ridge generalized position was correctly segmented. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Finger Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Index 71.8 [68.8, 74.9] 72.2 [69.2, 75.4] 72.7 [69.3, 75.9]
Middle 68.5 [64.9, 71.9] 68.9 [65.4, 72.3] 69.4 [66.1, 72.9]
Ring 75.9 [72.7, 79.0] 76.7 [73.5, 79.7] 76.9 [73.9, 79.7]
Little 71.7 [68.6, 75.0] 71.8 [68.4, 75.0] 72.1 [68.9, 75.3]
Left
Index 67.5 [64.2, 70.8] 67.5 [64.3, 70.7] 67.8 [64.3, 71.2]
Middle 63.0 [59.8, 66.4] 63.4 [59.8, 66.8] 63.9 [60.5, 67.6]
Ring 70.6 [67.4, 73.9] 70.8 [67.6, 74.4] 71.5 [68.4, 74.5]
Little 69.8 [66.3, 73.1] 70.3 [67.2, 73.5] 72.8 [69.6, 75.9]
Table C.3: Percentage that a particular type of fingerprint was correctly segmented on Either or Both hands. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Index
Either 83.7 [81.2, 86.2] 83.8 [81.2, 86.7] 83.9 [81.3, 86.3]
Both 54.5 [51.1, 58.1] 54.8 [51.3, 58.2] 55.5 [52.0, 59.2]
Middle
Either 79.7 [76.8, 82.5] 80.0 [76.9, 82.9] 80.1 [77.3, 83.0]
Both 50.7 [46.9, 54.3] 51.3 [47.7, 54.8] 52.2 [48.5, 55.7]
Ring
Either 87.1 [84.8, 89.5] 87.1 [84.6, 89.3] 87.2 [84.7, 89.6]
Both 58.2 [54.5, 61.7] 59.3 [55.9, 62.8] 59.9 [56.3, 63.4]
Little
Either 88.5 [86.0, 90.8] 88.7 [86.3, 90.9] 89.2 [86.8, 91.7]
Both 51.8 [48.2, 55.5] 52.3 [48.9, 56.0] 54.5 [51.1, 58.2]
Table C.4: Percentage of segmentation success by hand for combinations of all eight fingers of a FiveInch slap. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Any 87.9 [84.4, 87.8] 88.0 [84.5, 88.0] 88.0 [84.9, 88.2]
At Least Two 78.1 [73.7, 78.1] 78.6 [74.2, 78.5] 78.7 [74.3, 78.6]
At Least Three 69.9 [64.6, 69.4] 70.5 [64.9, 69.8] 70.7 [65.2, 70.1]
All Four 52.0 [47.7, 52.9] 52.5 [48.5, 53.4] 53.6 [50.3, 55.3]
Left
Any 84.4 [84.4, 87.8] 84.5 [84.5, 88.0] 85.0 [84.9, 88.2]
At Least Two 73.9 [73.7, 78.1] 74.0 [74.2, 78.5] 74.3 [74.3, 78.6]
At Least Three 64.2 [64.6, 69.4] 64.2 [64.9, 69.8] 64.6 [65.2, 70.1]
All Four 48.4 [47.7, 52.9] 49.3 [48.5, 53.4] 52.1 [50.3, 55.3]
Table C.5: Percentage of segmentation success by hand when only considering combinations of index and middle fingers. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Either Index or Middle 76.3 [72.0, 76.4] 76.6 [72.2, 76.7] 76.7 [72.0, 76.7]
Both Index and Middle 64.0 [58.8, 63.6] 64.5 [59.0, 64.1] 65.4 [60.0, 64.9]
Left
Either Index or Middle 72.0 [72.0, 76.4] 72.1 [72.2, 76.7] 72.1 [72.0, 76.7]
Both Index and Middle 58.5 [58.8, 63.6] 58.8 [59.0, 64.1] 59.5 [60.0, 64.9]
Table C.6: Percentage of segmentation success by hand when only considering combinations of index, middle, and ring fingers. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Any 82.0 [77.9, 82.0] 82.4 [78.3, 82.3] 82.4 [78.3, 82.4]
At Least Two 72.1 [66.9, 71.4] 72.3 [66.9, 71.6] 72.5 [67.1, 71.6]
All Three 62.1 [57.0, 62.0] 63.0 [57.6, 62.6] 64.1 [59.0, 63.9]
Left
Any 78.0 [77.9, 82.0] 78.1 [78.3, 82.3] 78.2 [78.3, 82.4]
At Least Two 66.0 [66.9, 71.4] 66.2 [66.9, 71.6] 66.3 [67.1, 71.6]
All Three 57.0 [57.0, 62.0] 57.4 [57.6, 62.6] 58.6 [59.0, 63.9]

C.2 Jaccard Index

Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices as compared to the traditional success metrics. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Figure C.1: Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices as compared to the traditional success metrics. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices for each friction ridge generalized position. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Figure C.2: Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices for each friction ridge generalized position. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Table C.7: For each subject, the percentage that at least Number of Fingers fingers were segmented with a Jaccard index in the indicated range.
Number of Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
1 96.3 96.2 95.4 90.6 36.5 7.8 6.9
2 91.2 90.6 89.5 80.9 12.0 4.1 4.1
3 86.2 85.4 83.3 71.7 4.2 2.6 2.6
4 79.7 78.9 76.7 61.9 1.4 1.3 1.3
5 67.1 66.4 64.0 48.5 0.7 0.7 0.7
6 60.7 59.9 56.9 39.0 0.4 0.4 0.4
7 53.9 52.8 48.9 26.7 0.4 0.4 0.4
8 44.3 41.6 36.8 11.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Table C.8: For all subjects, percentage that a particular friction ridge generalized position was segmented with a Jaccard index in the indicated range.
Finger 0-0.5 0.5-0.6 0.6-0.7 0.7-0.8 0.8-0.9 0.9-1.0
Right
Index 26.2 0.6 2.4 13.2 52.0 5.6
Middle 29.6 1.5 3.5 14.0 44.0 7.4
Ring 22.6 1.4 1.7 14.5 52.9 6.9
Little 22.3 1.7 3.6 29.3 38.3 4.8
Left
Index 30.1 0.7 2.7 10.7 48.4 7.4
Middle 34.7 0.9 2.1 12.5 42.6 7.2
Ring 27.3 0.4 2.0 10.7 51.9 7.7
Little 23.1 0.3 2.8 16.8 47.7 9.3
Table C.9: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of all ten fingers of a FiveInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Any 88.4 87.9 86.0 78.2 18.9 5.1 4.9
At Least Two 78.9 78.3 77.0 63.4 3.3 2.8 2.8
At Least Three 71.7 69.9 67.0 48.8 1.6 1.6 1.6
All Four 60.2 57.8 52.8 21.5 0.9 0.9 0.9
Left
Any 85.3 85.3 84.0 78.6 24.8 4.0 3.2
At Least Two 75.6 75.2 73.2 63.9 5.2 1.9 1.9
At Least Three 66.2 66.0 63.7 50.1 1.2 1.1 1.1
All Four 57.7 56.0 52.1 29.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Table C.10: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of index and middle fingers of a FiveInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Either Index or Middle 77.4 76.9 75.4 66.5 12.1 2.3 2.1
Both Index and Middle 66.8 65.2 60.8 42.6 0.9 0.9 0.9
Left
Either Index or Middle 72.9 72.8 70.6 64.3 13.1 2.3 1.6
Both Index and Middle 62.2 60.7 58.2 41.2 1.5 0.4 0.4
Table C.11: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of index, middle, and ring fingers of a FiveInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Any 82.6 82.0 80.7 73.5 16.9 4.0 3.9
At Least Two 73.0 71.9 70.2 57.7 2.1 1.7 1.7
All Three 66.0 64.1 59.6 37.6 0.9 0.9 0.9
Left
Any 79.0 78.8 76.9 71.5 18.6 3.3 2.7
At Least Two 67.2 67.0 65.1 55.3 3.3 1.1 1.1
All Three 61.5 60.1 57.0 38.3 0.4 0.4 0.4