C Upper Palm (“FiveInch” Data)

C.1 Bootstrap Confidence for Segmentation Statistics

This section shows the same detailed results of segmentation of FiveInch data from Section 4.3, but with an added bootstrap confidence interval. For each observation, a bootstrap routine with 1 000 replicates was run, and a 95 % confidence interval extracted. The lower and upper confidence from that confidence interval are printed in each column within square brackets.

In Table C.1, results are shown of how successful Hisign+0003 segmented fingers for each subject in the test corpus. Table C.2 shows success for specific finger positions over the entire test corpus. Similarly, Table C.3 shows success for segmenting the same finger position from both hands.

The remainder of the tables show success per subject when considering combinations of subsets of the fingers in each slap image. Table C.4 shows success for combinations of all fingers, Table C.6 for the all except the little finger, and Table C.5 for just the index and middle fingers.

Table C.1: For each subject, the percentage that at least Number of Fingers fingers were correctly segmented, regardless of hand, for a maximum of eight correctly-segmented fingers. In Standard Scoring, scoring rules are followed exactly. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Number of Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
1 81.0 [78.1, 83.7] 81.3 [78.5, 83.8] 81.4 [78.8, 84.3]
2 77.7 [74.8, 80.6] 78.3 [75.5, 81.4] 78.5 [75.6, 81.6]
3 73.0 [70.0, 76.0] 74.8 [71.9, 77.9] 75.6 [72.3, 78.5]
4 66.5 [63.4, 69.7] 69.6 [66.3, 72.7] 70.9 [67.5, 74.0]
5 56.8 [53.1, 60.2] 59.0 [55.2, 62.5] 59.7 [56.1, 63.5]
6 49.4 [45.7, 52.8] 54.9 [50.9, 58.2] 56.0 [52.4, 59.8]
7 40.1 [36.6, 43.6] 46.6 [43.1, 49.9] 48.9 [45.2, 52.6]
8 20.4 [17.8, 23.5] 27.4 [24.1, 30.4] 32.3 [28.7, 35.6]
Table C.2: For all subjects, Percentage that a particular friction ridge generalized position was correctly segmented. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Finger Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Index 62.1 [58.6, 65.8] 64.0 [60.6, 67.4] 64.4 [60.9, 67.7]
Middle 58.8 [55.3, 62.1] 64.2 [61.0, 67.7] 65.4 [62.1, 69.0]
Ring 63.7 [60.1, 67.2] 67.0 [63.6, 70.5] 67.6 [64.2, 70.7]
Little 59.2 [55.6, 62.8] 61.7 [58.5, 64.9] 64.1 [60.5, 67.4]
Left
Index 59.3 [55.6, 62.7] 61.5 [58.0, 65.1] 62.1 [58.2, 65.4]
Middle 54.1 [50.4, 57.6] 57.6 [54.0, 61.1] 60.3 [56.8, 63.8]
Ring 59.5 [56.1, 63.1] 63.7 [60.2, 67.0] 64.9 [61.5, 68.2]
Little 52.0 [48.5, 55.6] 56.2 [52.8, 60.1] 58.6 [55.3, 62.1]
Table C.3: Percentage that a particular type of fingerprint was correctly segmented on Either or Both hands. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Index
Either 72.7 [69.4, 75.8] 73.9 [70.6, 76.9] 74.3 [70.9, 77.3]
Both 47.7 [44.1, 51.2] 50.6 [46.9, 54.0] 51.1 [47.6, 54.8]
Middle
Either 70.2 [66.9, 73.4] 73.6 [70.8, 76.8] 75.0 [71.7, 78.3]
Both 41.8 [38.3, 45.2] 47.2 [43.7, 51.0] 49.8 [46.4, 53.5]
Ring
Either 72.7 [69.6, 75.9] 74.7 [71.4, 78.0] 75.4 [72.2, 78.5]
Both 49.5 [46.1, 53.4] 54.9 [51.4, 58.6] 56.0 [52.6, 59.3]
Little
Either 72.9 [69.8, 76.2] 75.1 [71.8, 78.0] 76.2 [73.1, 79.3]
Both 37.4 [33.9, 40.8] 41.9 [38.3, 45.3] 45.6 [42.0, 49.1]
Table C.4: Percentage of segmentation success by hand for combinations of all eight fingers of a FiveInch slap. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Any 72.7 [70.0, 74.6] 73.0 [70.7, 75.0] 73.0 [71.0, 75.4]
At Least Two 67.7 [64.0, 68.7] 69.5 [65.6, 70.5] 69.8 [66.1, 70.8]
At Least Three 61.6 [55.8, 60.6] 65.0 [60.1, 65.2] 66.1 [61.6, 66.3]
All Four 41.8 [34.9, 39.8] 49.3 [41.8, 46.8] 52.5 [45.6, 50.5]
Left
Any 71.9 [70.0, 74.6] 72.7 [70.7, 75.0] 73.1 [71.0, 75.4]
At Least Two 64.9 [64.0, 68.7] 66.6 [65.6, 70.5] 67.2 [66.1, 70.8]
At Least Three 55.2 [55.8, 60.6] 60.3 [60.1, 65.2] 61.9 [61.6, 66.3]
All Four 33.0 [34.9, 39.8] 39.4 [41.8, 46.8] 43.6 [45.6, 50.5]
Table C.5: Percentage of segmentation success by hand when only considering combinations of index and middle fingers. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Either Index or Middle 68.6 [64.9, 69.5] 69.7 [66.1, 70.7] 69.8 [66.7, 71.2]
Both Index and Middle 52.3 [47.1, 52.3] 58.5 [52.6, 57.4] 60.0 [54.6, 59.7]
Left
Either Index or Middle 66.0 [64.9, 69.5] 67.4 [66.1, 70.7] 68.0 [66.7, 71.2]
Both Index and Middle 47.3 [47.1, 52.3] 51.7 [52.6, 57.4] 54.4 [54.6, 59.7]
Table C.6: Percentage of segmentation success by hand when only considering combinations of index, middle, and ring fingers. In Ignoring Bottom Y, the bottom left and bottom right Y coordinates are ignored. Ignoring Bottom X and Y only checks the locations of the top left and top right coordinates. Values in square brackets represent a 95 % confidence interval after bootstrapping with 1 000 replicates.
Fingers Standard Scoring Ignoring Bottom Y Ignoring Bottom X and Y
Right
Any 71.0 [67.4, 72.0] 71.4 [68.0, 72.4] 71.4 [68.1, 72.6]
At Least Two 64.4 [60.6, 65.5] 67.2 [63.3, 68.2] 67.4 [63.9, 68.8]
All Three 49.2 [43.6, 48.4] 56.6 [50.6, 55.4] 58.5 [52.9, 58.1]
Left
Any 68.3 [67.4, 72.0] 69.1 [68.0, 72.4] 69.4 [68.1, 72.6]
At Least Two 61.7 [60.6, 65.5] 64.5 [63.3, 68.2] 65.4 [63.9, 68.8]
All Three 43.0 [43.6, 48.4] 49.2 [50.6, 55.4] 52.5 [52.9, 58.1]

C.2 Jaccard Index

Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices as compared to the traditional success metrics. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Figure C.1: Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices as compared to the traditional success metrics. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices for each friction ridge generalized position. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Figure C.2: Boxplot of Jaccard similarity indices for each friction ridge generalized position. Outliers have been removed for clarity.

Table C.7: For each subject, the percentage that at least Number of Fingers fingers were segmented with a Jaccard index in the indicated range.
Number of Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
1 97.0 96.8 96.7 94.7 66.5 26.6 23.3
2 94.6 94.5 93.5 88.5 41.0 18.1 17.8
3 91.2 90.8 88.3 80.0 24.2 14.5 14.5
4 86.6 85.2 82.3 68.1 15.7 11.9 11.9
5 74.4 72.9 69.0 55.7 8.7 7.8 7.8
6 66.5 66.1 62.1 40.6 5.7 5.7 5.7
7 62.8 60.9 54.4 27.1 5.0 5.0 5.0
8 52.8 49.0 39.1 13.0 4.1 4.1 4.1
Table C.8: For all subjects, percentage that a particular friction ridge generalized position was segmented with a Jaccard index in the indicated range.
Finger 0-0.5 0.5-0.6 0.6-0.7 0.7-0.8 0.8-0.9 0.9-1.0
Right
Index 21.4 1.2 3.6 12.9 39.1 21.8
Middle 20.7 2.7 4.6 11.6 37.0 23.4
Ring 17.4 0.8 2.1 11.2 36.6 31.9
Little 21.9 0 2.4 12.6 43.0 20.1
Left
Index 22.5 1.2 3.4 17.4 36.5 19.0
Middle 21.8 3.0 6.4 14.3 33.7 20.8
Ring 19.1 0.5 2.5 12.5 41.9 23.5
Little 24.2 0.4 5.8 26.1 31.7 11.8
Table C.9: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of all ten fingers of a FiveInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Any 89.8 89.8 89.1 86.2 53.6 20.1 18.1
At Least Two 82.8 82.7 80.9 74.9 25.3 12.5 12.4
At Least Three 78.3 77.7 73.3 57.7 11.6 8.8 8.8
All Four 67.6 63.7 57.8 34.0 6.8 6.6 6.6
Left
Any 90.6 89.9 89.4 82.9 41.8 18.6 17.1
At Least Two 81.4 80.5 78.5 66.3 17.2 12.2 12.2
At Least Three 75.6 74.8 70.7 46.7 9.9 9.4 9.4
All Four 64.9 62.1 50.5 22.9 6.1 6.1 6.1
Table C.10: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of index and middle fingers of a FiveInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Either Index or Middle 84.6 84.4 82.2 74.6 33.2 15.2 14.4
Both Index and Middle 73.3 69.5 63.6 46.7 12.0 9.6 9.6
Left
Either Index or Middle 83.7 82.4 80.1 70.0 29.2 15.3 14.2
Both Index and Middle 72.0 69.1 61.5 39.9 10.6 9.5 9.5
Table C.11: Percentage of segmentation obtaining a Jaccard index in the indicated ranges, by hand, for combinations of index, middle, and ring fingers of a FiveInch slap.
Fingers ≥0.5 ≥0.6 ≥0.7 ≥0.8 ≥0.9 ≥0.95 ≥0.98
Right
Any 87.0 87.0 86.0 82.6 47.5 18.5 16.6
At Least Two 81.8 81.4 77.8 65.7 20.2 11.7 11.7
All Three 71.7 67.4 61.6 41.5 9.4 8.6 8.6
Left
Any 86.3 85.5 84.6 79.6 38.2 17.2 16.2
At Least Two 79.4 78.2 75.7 60.1 15.5 11.8 11.8
All Three 70.8 68.0 59.2 35.7 9.5 9.2 9.2